Opposition to State-Mandated Premarital HIV Screening Essays -- AIDS

Resistance to State-Mandated Premarital HIV Screening When screening for HIV got conceivable in mid-1985, discusses started concerning the job of such screening in controlling the spread of AIDS. One such discussion concerned state-ordered pre-marriage HIV screening. This approach was proposed to the CDC gathering in February of 1987, however never got a lot of across the board support, since it fulfilled neither the advocates of general wellbeing nor the defenders of common freedoms (Reamer 37). This paper will show that the state is unjustified in sanctioning such strategy and ideally additionally shed some light on why such approach got so little help. In a liberal society, for example, the United States that qualities both common freedoms and general wellbeing, it is frequently hazy which strategies best location the danger presented by the AIDS pandemic. Plainly from one viewpoint, the United States is resolved to regard the security and individual self-governance of its residents. Despite the fact that not explicitly written in the constitution, the privilege to security is verifiable morally justified to deny illicit pursuit and seizure of home and express in the ongoing laws that ensure the protection of web and Mastercard clients. Then again, the United States is additionally dedicated to advance the general government assistance, which means it has an ethical commitment to advance general wellbeing. Generally, in the battle between common freedoms and general wellbeing, the United States has offered point of reference to common freedoms however respected takeoffs when it was demonstrated that doing so was reasonable by the s ubsequent advantages to general wellbeing. Helps, be that as it may, challenges the harmony between common freedoms and general wellbeing like no different past scourge, because of the solid danger it postures to general wellbeing and ... ...avior, they could most likely have been distinguished through projects focused on bunches with a higher commonness of seropositives. Thus, the last two states of our moral system are likewise not met. Utilizing a moral system acquired from Childress, unmistakably a state focused on maintaining the common freedoms of its residents just as advancing general wellbeing is unjustified in ordering pre-marriage HIV screening. Such screening encroaches on common freedoms and doesn't advance general wellbeing in a proficient manner. The state is committed to look for different arrangements by which to advance general wellbeing, for example, intentional testing and instructive programming for wedded couples, which don't abuse common freedoms and which all the more proficiently focus on the individuals who are seropositive. Works Cited Reamer, Frederic G. Helps and Ethics. Columbia University Press: New York, 1991.

The Meaning of Life Essay example -- essays research papers

The Meaning of Life The most troublesome thing in life is discovering something worth living for. The second most troublesome thing is realizing when you've found it...... by Jamie Andreas OK, we should be cheerful for once. We should not discuss some overwhelming subject. How about we pick something progressively sensible and fun. What about the significance of life? Truly, the importance of life, and the motivation behind our lives. Youngsters (that gathering of individuals who are well on the way to start to play the guitar) love to consider this. Since they are going to set out on that piece of life called "being an adult", they like to examine whether there is anything regarding it that makes it worth the trouble. A multi year old understudy once put it to me powerfully. He stated, â€Å"When I take a gander at the world, and I see what a large portion of the grown-ups I know are doing with their lives, and how they feel about their employments, it isn't rousing. I tune in to individuals disclose to me I should play the game, and make a solid effort to get passing marks, so I can find a decent line of work what not. Everything appears to have about as much significance as going in to the library and retaining the whole card inventory! What for? What's the point?" Furthermore, I said to him â€Å"You are spot on. There is no point. There is no significance to life." Furthermore, I immovably accept that. I am going to make two focuses now. One, there is no importance to life; you should make the significance of life, and most particularly, your life. What's more, two, there most certainly is a reason to life, and particularly to your life, however you should find it. These two thoughts cooperate. When you discover your motivation, you will have the option to see an amazing "meaning&quot. What does the word "meaning" mean? Individuals are continually soliciting what is the significance from life, what is the importance of death, what is the significance of me losing my employment, losing my hair, and so on, and so on. All things considered, you see the fact of the matter is, there is no response to the inquiry since it is an inappropriate inquiry. Just an individual who doesn't have the foggiest idea what the word significance means will pose that inquiry. Which means implies "to perceive an importance past the thing itself, or at the end of the day, "to point to something past itself" And the acknowledgment of that criticalness, perceiving how anything you take a gander at focuses to something past itself, is an imaginative follow up on the piece of each person, and it is additionally the duty of each person. When ... ...ur reason. Push toward what feels better. B.B. Ruler, Eric Clapton, Jimi Hendrix, all have utilized only the five notes of a minor pentatonic scale their entire lives! It is all they requirement for what they need to state. Possibly you have to figure out how to understand music, perhaps you don't. Possibly you have to know many harmony reversals and scales, perhaps you don't. It relies upon what you need to state with your music. What's more, what you need to state relies upon how you feel. How would you feel? Possibly you are baffled and confounded when you consider this. That is acceptable. Dissatisfaction is a push on the back, to make you move, so you will glance around and make disclosures. Ensure you use it that way. Try not to remain in one spot, or the push on the back will thump you over! The standard for the craftsman, for the performer, must be "if it feels better, do it". Following your inclination is the way that feeling becomes "solidified" into a bit of music, with the goal that it tends to be conveyed and felt by another person. Terrible music is caused by individuals who don't really to feel their sentiments. They may not know it, however their music has no significance, and no reason. Have you discovered something worth living for? Is it holding back to be perceived?

How Can I Be More Assertive When I Have Social Anxiety

How Can I Be More Assertive When I Have Social Anxiety Social Anxiety Disorder Coping Print How Can I Be More Assertive When I Have Social Anxiety? By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 11, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on May 24, 2018 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Become assertive to overcome social anxiety. Getty / Tim Robberts People with social anxiety disorder (SAD) often struggle with being assertive. Being upfront about your feelings and sharing them with others feels hard, to the point that you would just rather keep them to yourself. The problem is, people cant read your mind, so you will often find your needs going unmet. What is Assertive Communication? Assertive communication... is the straightforward and open expression of your needs, desires, thoughts and feelings.involves advocating for your own needs while still considering and respecting the needs of others.involves the use of I statements, such as I need some help preparing dinner for our guests this evening.is a way of making sure your needs are met while still considering the needs of others. Being Assertive When You Have SAD If you live with social anxiety disorder, communicating assertively may feel uncomfortable at first. You have probably  adopted a passive communication style that enables you to avoid conflict but leaves you feeling anxious, depressed, and helpless, and causes frustration and discomfort to those around you. Learning to communicate assertively is not selfish, but rather an effective way of negotiating social encounters. You may have misconceptions about what it means to be assertive. People who communicate assertively are not pushy or obnoxiousdo not step on the feelings of others to get what they want, as is the case with aggressive communication Instead, assertive communication involves expressing your feelings, needs and desires in a nonjudgmental and nonthreatening way. Assertive communication can also be considered helpful to others, because you are giving clear information about what you need to be satisfied. By doing so in a nonthreatening manner, you  give others the opportunity to refuse your requests if your needs conflict with their needs. The Importance of Being Assertive Still not sure if assertive communication is the way to go? Consider that most of your daily encounters will be with people who are communicating and behaving assertively. They are telling you what they need from you and expecting you to refuse if their needs conflict with yours. If a request is too large or too difficult, it is up to you to communicate why you cant comply. By the same token, others expect you to tell them what you need. Instead of expecting others to read your mind, or hoping that they will guess what you want, you need to be clear, honest and open about your needs. How to Become More Assertive Assertive statements generally begin with the word I and directly express what you are thinking or feeling. Notice that being assertive does not mean stepping on the toes of others or berating them. The goal of being assertive is to negotiate social situations in a way that benefits everyone. Some examples of assertive statements: I enjoyed talking with you.I like to watch horror movies.I feel hurt that you talked about me behind my back.I know that the children come first, but I feel sad that we dont spend any time alone. To speak assertively, put these pieces of the sentence together: Start with the word I.Add a verb that describes what you are feeling (like, dislike, want, need, feel, love, hate, wish...)And finish the sentence to describe what it is that you are feeling (I wish you would spend more time with me, I am feeling very lonely). Tip: Keep you out of the sentence, keep your emotions under control, and just share what you are feeling. Try it again: I.. cant... help you with that task because my calendar is full. See, it doesnt have to be overly thought out or complicated. Its about being direct and expressing your needs. Once you start to do it regularly, it will feel more natural. Its especially important for you to learn how to say no, as this can be an area in which those with social anxiety struggle. Assertive Nonverbal Behavior In addition to what you say, your nonverbal communication can also be passive, assertive, or aggressive. Read each of the following passages and see if you see the difference. Jane keeps quiet and hopes everyone will guess what she wants. She speaks hesitantly with a weak voice, and gives up easily. She tends to look down or away, has poor posture, and keeps her head down. She fidgets a lot and nods in agreement no matter what is said. Julie pays close attention to what is said around her, speaks with a strong relaxed voice, makes good eye contact, and stands up straight. She expresses concern and seeks out fairness in situations. Jack is sarcastic and comes across like a know-it-all. He needs to win at all costs, speaks loudly, and stares at people. He tends to stand with his feet apart and his hands on his hips. He also likes to point  his finger and move abruptly. Your goal should be to emulate the second styleâ€"that of Julieâ€"which reflects asserttive nonverbal behavior. A Word From Verywell The next time that you are feeling angry or resentful, consider how you are communicating. By learning to be more assertive, you will reduce anxiety and improve your relationships with others. The 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups

Douglas TBD Devastator

Length: 35 ft.Wingspan: 50 ft.Height: 15 ft. 1 in.Wing Area: 422 sq. ft.Empty Weight: 6,182 lbs.Loaded Weight: 9,862 lbs.Crew: 3Number Built: 129 Performance Power Plant: 1 Ãâ€" Pratt Whitney R-1830-64 Twin Wasp radial engine, 850 hpRange: 435-716 milesMax Speed: 206 mphCeiling: 19,700 ft. Armament Power Plant: 1 Ãâ€" Pratt Whitney R-1830-64 Twin Wasp radial engine, 850 hpRange: 435-716 milesMax Speed: 206 mphCeiling: 19,700 ft.Guns: 1 Ãâ€" forward-firing 0.30 in. or 0.50 in. machine gun. 1 Ãâ€" 0.30 in. machine gun in rear cockpit (later increased to two)Bombs/Torpedo: 1 x Mark 13 torpedo or 1 x 1,000 lb. bomb or 3 x 500 lb. bombs or 12 x 100 lb. bombs Design Development On June 30, 1934, the US Navy Bureau of Aeronautics (BuAir) issued a request for proposals for a new torpedo and level bomber to replace their existing Martin BM-1s and Great Lakes TG-2s. Hall, Great Lakes, and Douglas all submitted designs for the competition. While Halls design, a high-wing seaplane, failed to meet BuAirs carrier suitability requirement both Great Lakes and Douglas pressed on. The Great Lakes design, the XTBG-1, was a three-place biplane that quickly proved to possess poor handling and instability during flight. The failure of the Hall and Great Lakes designs opened the way for the advancement of the Douglas XTBD-1. A low-wing monoplane, it was of all-metal construction and included power wing folding. All three of these traits were firsts for a US Navy aircraft making the XTBD-1 design somewhat revolutionary. The XTBD-1 also featured a long, low greenhouse canopy that fully enclosed the aircrafts crew of three (pilot, bombardier, radio operator/gunner). Power was initially provided by a Pratt Whitney XR-1830-60 Twin Wasp radial engine (800 hp). The XTBD-1 carried its payload externally and could deliver a Mark 13 torpedo or 1,200 lbs. of bombs to a range of 435 miles. Cruising speed varied between 100-120 mph depending on payload. Though slow, short-ranged, and under-powered by World War II standards, the aircraft marked a dramatic advance in capabilities over its biplane predecessors. For defense, the XTBD-1 mounted a single .30 cal. (later .50 cal.) machine gun in the cowling and a single rear-facing .30 cal. (later twin) machine gun. For bombing missions, the bombardier aimed through a Norden bombsight under the pilots seat. Acceptance Production First flying on April 15, 1935, Douglas quickly delivered the prototype to Naval Air Station, Anacostia for the beginning of performance trials. Extensively tested by the US Navy through the remainder of the year, the X-TBD performed well with the only requested alteration being an enlargement of the canopy to increase visibility. On February 3, 1936, BuAir placed an order for 114 TBD-1s. An additional 15 aircraft were later added to the contract. The first production aircraft was retained for testing purposes and later became the types only variant when it was fitted with floats and dubbed TBD-1A. Operational History The TBD-1 entered service in late 1937 when USS Saratogas VT-3 transitioned off TG-2s. Other US Navy torpedo squadrons also switched to the TBD-1 as aircraft became available. Though revolutionary at introduction, aircraft development in the 1930s progressed at a dramatic rate. Aware that the TBD-1 was already being eclipsed by new fighters in 1939, BuAer issued a request for proposals for the aircrafts replacement. This competition resulted in the selection of the Grumman TBF Avenger. While TBF development progressed, the TBD remained in place as the US Navys frontline torpedo bomber. In 1941, the TBD-1 officially received the nickname Devastator. With the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor that December, the Devastator began to see combat action. Taking part in attacks on Japanese shipping in the Gilbert Islands in February 1942, TBDs from USS Enterprise had little success. This was largely due to problems associated with the Mark 13 torpedo. A delicate weapon, the Mark 13 required the pilot to drop it from no higher than 120 ft. and no faster than 150 mph making the aircraft extremely vulnerable during its attack. Once dropped, the Mark 13 had issues with running too deep or simply failing to explode on impact. For torpedo attacks, the bombardier was typically left on the carrier and the Devastator flew with a crew of two. Additional raids that spring saw TBDs attack Wake and Marcus Islands, as well as targets off New Guinea with mixed results. The highlight of the Devastators career came during the Battle of the Coral Sea when the type aided in sinking the light carrier Shoho. Subsequent attacks against the larger Japanese carriers the next day proved fruitless. The TBDs final engagement came the following month at the Battle of Midway. By this time attrition had become an issue with the US Navys TBD force and Rear Admirals Frank J. Fletcher and Raymond Spruance possessed only 41 Devastators aboard their three careers when the battle began on June 4. Locating the Japanese fleet, Spruance ordered strikes to begin immediately and dispatched 39 TBDs against the enemy. Becoming separated from their escorting fighters, the three American torpedo squadrons were the first to arrive over the Japanese. Attacking without cover, they suffered horrific losses to Japanese A6M Zero fighters and anti-aircraft fire. Though failing to score any hits, their attack pulled the Japanese combat air patrol out of position, leaving the fleet vulnerable. At 10:22 AM, American SBD Dauntless dive bombers approaching from the southwest and northeast struck the carriers Kaga, Soryu, and Akagi. In less than six minutes they reduced the Japanese ships to burning wrecks. Of the 39 TBDs sent against the Japanese, only 5 returned. In the attack, USS Hornets VT-8 lost all 15 aircraft with Ensign George Gay being the only survivor. In the wake of Midway, the US Navy withdrew its remaining TBDs and squadrons transitioned to the newly arriving Avenger. The 39 TBDs remaining in the inventory were assigned to training roles in the United States and by 1944 the type was no longer in the US Navys inventory. Often believed to have been a failure, the TBD Devastators principal fault was simply being old and obsolete. BuAir was aware of this fact and the aircrafts replacement was en route when the Devastators career ingloriously ended.

Personal Narrative She s Gone Essay - 2131 Words

â€Å"She’s gone.† Those two words are racing through my mind. She’s gone? She’s gone? What do you mean? With every crippling second, the anxiety is taking over my body. My angst is causing me to lose all aspects of reality. My apprehension is over the edge, exponentially increasing by the second. My hands are becoming leaves, shaking violently in the wind. My heart is pounding as if it is a runaway train. The beating is growing louder and louder every moment, as if it will explode within seconds. Unable to conceal my nerves, I start panicking. I am incapable of swallowing the news. She can t be gone. The room has a dim light, with intermittent flickers. There is an electric machine sitting on a cart, giving out a continuous beep. Suddenly, the monitor changes its pattern. This time, the beep is constant. No breaks between each beep, but a flat piecing sound. A TV hangs in a corner of the room, playing morbid movies. The bedside table has a bouquet of flow er, which I gave to her. There are three empty bottles of soma. The door props open, and three nurses walk by, chuckling maniacally. â€Å"What-† I choke the words out, â€Å"Mother, mother. Answer me.† My voice cracks, along with my happiness. I hold her limp, pale, cold hands. One of the three nurses stays back to monitor me. She gives out a cold hearted smile, followed by a snicker. My heart breaks. How dare you have the audacity to laugh at my suffering? â€Å"We can ensure you that we tried our best to save her. We gave her as manyShow MoreRelatedCaptivity Of North America And Continued As A Significant Genre Of American Literature Essay1406 Words   |  6 PagesCaptivity narratives began with the settlement of North America and continued as a significant genre in American literature until the end of the nineteenth century. The first captivity narratives are believed to have been created by Native Americans who were captured by early Spanish explorers. However, the genre commonly refers to the accounts written by European settlers who were abducted by Native Americans. European settlers were fleeing to the â€Å"new land† in order to escape religious persecutionsRead MoreFrederick Douglass Was An African American Slave In The1352 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Douglass was an African American slave in the 1840’s who shared his struggles in his narrative in order to show how he succeeded and achieved his goals that w ere seemingly impossible for a slave. Douglass was one of the few slaves who safely escaped, and was given the opportunity to speak publicly about his experiences. This was a way for him to truly share his horrific experiences he endured as a slave, but to also share his daily struggle of cruelty because of his race. By sharing hisRead MoreFor Many Human Beings, It Is Natural To Go Through Multiple1714 Words   |  7 Pagesbut Adele has a certain theme to her songs besides love; rather it is a theme of her personal growth of self value regarding the chronological stages of her conflicted relationships. Besides Adele, this is a topic that many people may go through as the objective is to learn from their mistakes and better future relationships through trial and error. This improvement may be seen in the academic article, â€Å"Personal Growth Following Romantic Relationship Breakups† by Ty Tashiro and Patricia Frazier.Read MoreSummary Of Her Dealings With The Jellyby Family 1625 Words   |  7 Pageswho were neither gone nor going to the left bank of the Niger, and wondered how she could be so placid.† The comment is entered as part of the narration, not directed to any one character and serves one of the novel’s most important themes. Esther is subtly asserting her true nature now. 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For example, they may use the Todorov theory, where the narrative structure is comprised of three main parts: order and normality, then something happens where disorder occurs and finally equilibrium is restored, usually by a hero. Thrillers can be dividedRead MoreThe Confessional Mode Of Poetry Essay1454 Words   |  6 PagesStates as a reaction to New criticism and Modernism, the dominant literary theories at that time. This mode of writing worked as â€Å"a model for poets who chose to reject modernist difficulty and new critical complexity in favor of a more relaxed or personal voice† and gave them the opportunity to â€Å"articulate feelings , thoughts and emotions that challenged the decorum of an era marked by its containment of psychic needs and desires†(Beach, 255). Some critics have asserted that confessional poetry was

ICT Database Free Essays

My client, (full time DJ) Mr. I. C. We will write a custom essay sample on ICT Database or any similar topic only for you Order Now H. Cheezeburger has just been employed by Avenue Q, a newly opened club in the west end. He is currently having problems organising his very vast and varied, music collection. He currently organizes his collection manually using index cards. This proves extremely impractical, as they are often mislaid, and he is forced to start again, creating even more work than necessary. Clients Background. My client was born on 5th May 1985 in Chelsea. He went to Dun Raven in Streatham; he was bullied at school, until in year 10 he moved to St William Perkins all boys’ school. Where he excelled in, Music and, Performing arts. He later took a level performing arts, music, ICT, and Textiles. He went on to university, but was expelled after three months. He was interested in dj-ing since a young age, and went on to do it in his spare time, and then constantly after being expelled from university. He then helped out at local venues, at low key parties and occasions. He then went on to take an apprenticeship, and started charging for his services. He then bought his own flat in Woking, with a small studio, where he could focus constantly on his DJ-ing. He has been employed by various clubs such as â€Å"wicked†, â€Å"Lyyne† â€Å"Chameleon† and most recently â€Å"Avenue Q†. His intentions are to raise enough money to be able to go back to university. Identifying the user My client will be the main user of the system, but I will occasionally use the system to check for updates and any possible faults. Statement of the problem My client currently organizes his music collection manually, using index cards and other pieces of paper. This is organised by Artist name. But this proves inadequate and time consuming, as he often loses his lists, resulting in him having to write it all out again. Using valuable time, that could be spent doing something more constructive. Manual solution considered My client could keep his current method of index cards, (organised via artist name) which can prove sometimes useful, as technology can sometimes crash, or have faults. On the other hand index cards can be often lost, resulting the time consuming task of re-writing them all out. Another manual solution would be to use folders to organise his collection, (organised either by artist name, or song name) this is more effective than index cards as they are large, and easier to keep track of. But, could result in a large amount of space being taken up, as the folder collection, would have to be extremely large. Two alternative software solutions considered Mr Cheezeburger could use itunes to organize his music collection, as it is user friendly and very easy to use. Contrariwise to be able to use itunes QuickTime and safari must be downloaded using up more memory, causing the system to be slower, also, an itunes library cannot be transferred to multiple computers in a short space of time. MS Excel could also be used, as it is easy to use, and the cells can be filtered and things can be located quickly and easily. On the other hand it is easy to make errors, and they effect the system long term. Proposed solution justified I have chosen to use MS access because it is easy to use, and it is simple to find things using queries and searches. At least 3 Quantitative objectives identified * Database must be password protected * Search Info Easily * User friendly way of entering data How to cite ICT Database, Papers

Life Cycle Costing Finding free essay sample

In management accounting, there are various costing methods applicable to use in practice. Some of practitioners are familiar with job order costing, process costing and activity based costing. The key idea is to apply the right costing method in the right situation. Life cycle costing (LCC) offers another choice to the user. It is usually found in manufacturing, construction, software companies and product development. As we know, consumer and manager need to make decision on the cost of acquisition and cost of ongoing use of many different assets like equipment, motor vehicle, plant and other. As it seems, the key factor to influence the decision of acquisition on assets is the initial capital cost. In addition, the unrealized cost such as ongoing operation and maintenance cost should be considered before the decision making is made. Life cycle Costing is a process to determine the sum of all the costs related with an asset throughout its life which include acquisition, installation, operations, maintenance, renovation and disposal costs. We will write a custom essay sample on Life Cycle Costing Finding or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example, if the managers want to buy the motor vehicle for the purpose of company. They are needed to consider the whole life cycle costing such as their maintenance, their operation, their initial acquisition, and other factor which can give more information to decision maker to make the better decision. This report sets out to address what LCC, why LCC, when LCC, how LCC use on the manufacturing industry. The aim is to provide a clear understanding toward life cycle costing in theory and practise. FINDINGS 1. ) Life Cycle Costing Life cycle costing is estimates and accumulated costs over a product’s entire life cycle in order to determine whether the profits earned during the manufacturing phase will cover the cost incurred during during the pre- (upstream) and post- (downstream) stage. By understand on how to identifying the cost incurred during the different stage of product life cycle, it might help the manager to manage the total costs incurred throughout its life cycle. In addition, life cycle costing is also helps managements deeply understanding the cost consequences of developing and making a product and to identify area in which may cost reduction effective. 1. 1) Life Cycle Costing Concepts The process of Live Cycle Costing involves: I. Assessing costs arising from an asset over its life cycle. Asset life cycle consist of various phase which are planning, acquisition, managing, distribution, and disposition. Though the asset life cycle, all the cost arising from each phase must be estimated at the earlier stage to facilitate in the cost reduction. The acquirer should consider all relevant cost because it is not only about the initial investment and acquisition cost, but all cost occurred over the anticipated life cycle of the assets. II. Evaluating alternative that have an effect on the cost of ownership. The comparisons of asset alternative whether it is at the concept or detailed design level should be evaluate in order to achieve better outcomes from the assets. Each alternative may have different pros and cons. Selecting unfriendly alternative may affect all the cost incurred during the period of ownership. Therefore, a thorough evaluation shall be made to avoid unwanted circumstances. For example, the mobile phone industry such as Nokia, Samsung, HTC and other is a fast moving product. Life cycles are short, mobile phone manufacturers spent lots of money on RD and they have to recover these costs in a short period of time. This explains why newly released mobile phones are sold at such high prices. 1. 2) Reason for use Life Cycle Costing I. Comparison of asset alternatives to achieve better outcome from asset. Each asset alternatives should be evaluated so that it will assess the risk and benefit on every alternatives. A strategize development and implementation of plans and programs for the assets should be done to ensure that the assets operational objectives are achieved at optimum cost. II. Essential in determination of cost in the asset management process. It is important to identifying the cost in the asset management process whether the asset should be acquired, upgraded, maintained, or disposed of. It will serve a framework on how the asset will be acquired; planning for the upgrade and maintenance and disposal process will be managed. III. As managers’ tools in asset. An effective asset manager’ tools will help in delivering company objective effectively and efficiently. In addition, the manager’s tools will be helps by systematic tools like economic appraisal, financial appraisal, value management, risk management and demand management in weighing up the costs and benefits, risks, objective, revenues and expenditures. IV. Enables the decision maker to balance the performance, reliability, maintain abilities and other goals against life cycle costs. In order to achieve the outcomes that reflect performance, reliability and ability, the proper planning, allocation of resources and evaluation of the performance should relate each other and fit together. 1. 3) It can be used in three stages Life cycle costing should be applied when there are three stages: I. The conceptual stage: This is the stage when the initial proposal for investments is being considered. It is to estimate the future cost and provision to be made over the life of the assets. For example, the different type and designs of machine to increase the sales production for the manufacturing industry. II. The acquisition stage. This is the stage where the supplier for the assets is being assessed. It is to assist in the selection of the most cost-effective option. III. The service stage. The stage of decision making on whether to maintain, improve or dispose of the assets. It is to improve the cost effectiveness of the production as well as to improve the specification of future assets. For example, when automotive manufacturing products their car product, they are improving their quality of car. So that to ensure the customer still keeps loyalty to buy their car for future. 1. 4) Estimate Life Cycle Costing The formula to calculate the life cycle costing: Life Cycle Costing = Capital Cost + Life Time Operating Cost + Life Time Maintenance Costs + Disposal Cost – Residual Value 1. 4. 1) Product life cycle: relationship between costs committed and costs incurred Product Life Cycle Phases Figure 1 illustrates the relationship between costs committed and costs incurred in the life cycle costing. It involves three stages of a product’s life cycle, the planning and design stage, the manufacturing stage and the service and distribution stage. Committed or locked-in costs are costs have not been incurred currently but that will be incurred in the future after the decision basis has been made. Costs are incurred when a resource is sacrificed or used. A system of costing is the record cost only had been done when they have been incurred. Furthermore, the costs that have been committed are difficult to be alter. The pattern of cost commitment and incurrence will vary based on the industry and specific product introduced. During the planning and design stage, the cost management can be most effectively exercised compared to the manufacturing stage when the product design and processes have already identified and costs have been committed. At the post sales service and distribution phase, its focus more on cost containment than cost management. 1. 4. 2) Life Cycle Costing Model The information should be obtained before selecting a model. This is to ensure that the analysis can be made. Evaluation should be made in considering the applicability of all cost factors, empirical relationship, constants, elements and variables. Life cycle costing model should: I. Represent the characteristic of the asset being analyzed. It includes the intended use environment, maintenance concept, operating and maintenance support scenarios and any constraints and limitations. II. Comprehensive to include and highlight the relevant factors to the Life Cycle Costing asset. III. Easy to understand in order to permit timely decision making, future updates and modification. IV. Evaluate the specific Life Cycle Costing elements independently of other costing elements. 1. 4. 3) Life Cycle Costing Breakdown into Asset Cost Some element need to be identified in Life Cycle Costing. This is because it requires the breakdown of the asset into its part of cost elements over time. The elements that should be considered are: I. Significant amount of cost that generate components of activity. II. Time in the life cycle when conducting the activity. III. Resources cost categories that relevant such as material, labor, overhead, transportation and others. 1. 4. 4) Benefits of Life Cycle Costing The benefits the manager can gain from Life cycle costing are: I. Planning and analysis of alternative solutions. It is to serve a framework to document and compare the alternatives to achieve significant cost benefits. Life cycle costing concept will give earlier actions to produce revenue or to lower costs. II. Selection of preferred alternatives. The decision maker can use the information for the selection process with the life cycle costing analysis. Better decision should follow from more realistic and accurate assessment of cost and revenue. III. Securing funding. The comparison between the alternatives that have different cash flow patterns over time is important. This is because there are corporate cash flows issues that need to be considered. Life cycle costing analyses provide a basis for projecting cash requirements. IV. Review. The life cycle costing can serve confirmation of the reliability of the life cycle costing model. Besides, the credibility of future life cycle costing plans can be achieved. 1. 4. 5) Life Cycle Costing Process Life cycle costing involves six stages which are: Stage 1: Plan Life Cycle Costing The documentation of the plan needs to be done at the beginning to serve a framework of life cycle costing. This plan must be review to ensure the plan has been interpret correctly and address clearly. Stage 2: Select or Develop Life Cycle Costing Model All relevant categories of cost that will happen in phases of life cycle should be identified. Select a method for estimating the associated cost and develop the estimates. Stage 3: Apply Life Cycle Costing Model Life cycle costing model need to be validated and obtain the model results from each relevant combinations and support scenarios defined in the analysis plan. Stage 4 : Document and Review Life Cycle Costing Results The documentation of the results should be done to ensure the users understand clearly the results and affects of the analysis along with the constraints and uncertainties associated with the result. Stage 5 : Prepare Life Cycle Costing Analysis Life cost analysis used to control and manage the ongoing costs of assets or part thereof. It involves review and development of the life cycle costing model as a cost control mechanism. Stage 6 : Implement and Monitor Life Cycle Costing Analysis Life cycle costing should have a continuous monitoring of the actual performance of an asset during its operations and maintenance and to provide feedback for future reference. 1. 4. 6) Application to industry For pharmaceutical products, the product life cycle is becoming shorter and shorter as new products keep being developed for the market demand purposes. It is not surprising that new drugs are being sold at very high prices. For example, drugs which are used to fight cancer in targeted therapy can cost a patient on average RM 20,000 to RM 200,000 per month. Again, the life cycle is short (or uncertain), and pharmaceutical companies need to pay back the initial costs in RD in a short period making high prices necessary. You can imagine how much the companies need to pay for a team of top tier scientists who have been working in the laboratory day and night for many years while developing the drug. Finally, as a short revision on life cycle costing, suppose a new cancer curing drug XXX is expected to have sales of 100,000,000 units in the coming 10 years. The selling price is targeted at RM 1,000 per unit. RD is RM 10,000,000,000, design cost is RM 500,000,000, manufacturing cost is RM 1,000,000,000, marketing RM 100,000,000, distribution costs another RM 100,000,000 and finally customer service RM 50,000,000. Find the life cycle profit for XXX as follow: RM Millions XXX Sales 100,000 RD (10,000) Design (500) Manufacturing (1000) Distribution (100) Marketing (100) Customer service (50) Life cycle profit 88,250 The life cycle profit is RM 88,250 million (or RM 88,250,000,000). It is for 10 years and thus on average every year the profit is RM 8,825 million which is quite normal for leading pharmaceutical companies. It can be seen that the total life cycle cost is RM 11,750 million and RM 10,000 million (or 85. 1%) spent on RD. CONCLUSION Life Cycle Costing can be conclude as key asset management tool which takes into account the whole of life implication on the asset starting from the cost planning, acquiring, operation maintaining and disposing. It assist in analyse not only the cost of acquiring an asset but also the costs over an asset’s life like long-term operational and maintenance costs. In addition, it will be the guidance on how long term strategic planning process, analysis, evaluation and decision making process towards the asset managements. The best expected outcome can be managed if all the relevant cost and benefits over life span of an asset is taking into account. Lastly to overall cost involve in owning, operating and maintaining an asset from the initial planning up till disposal. Thus, selecting the best alternative in order to minimize the possible cost incurred and maximizes the potential savings that can be made.

Other America Essay

Other America Essay Other America Essay In the book Things Fall Apart, the author, Chinua Achebe, wants the read not to judge Okonkwo and his people of the Iguedo village, he wants the reader to understand and relate to their lifestyle and beliefs. Achebe wants the reader to see the whole picture. In Okonkwo’s village he is known as a stern, warrior. But unlike most other men in his village he did not earn his wealth through his father. Okonkwo had to build his farm and hut with his own hands and his own reputation is what allowed him to do that. He is proud to have three wives all of which have their own obi, or hut. Success for men is measured by their accomplishments that actuate their manliness and wealth. Okonkwo is successful in his village because he is a warrior who took the heads of five others during battle. Also he won the previous year’s wrestling match against a seven year champion proving his strength and manliness along with his wealth and size of yams. This is the most important thing in Okonk wo’s life; to show that he is a man, unlike his father. He resents his father because his represents everything that is viewed as weak or agbala known as womanly. Okonkwo is so set on being different than his father and seen as a man by his people that it is his ultimate fall and results in him taking his own life. In Okonkwo’s village anything that is weak is a representation of a woman because to him and his people woman are weak and the property of men. That is why fathers sell their daughters for a ‘bride-price’ to a suitor they find to be strong and manly enough, for they own them and can do as they wish with them. Just as Okonkwo told his favorite daughter, Ezinma, that she was not to marry until they returned from their 7 year exile. Women are also beaten when then do something that is unpleasing to their husband. Though Okonkwo thinks that he is manly in beating his wives and children to run a strict household, the egwugwu, say that â€Å"that it is not brave when a man fights with a woman.† However, there are things that women do making them deserve punishment from there husband and establish hierarchy. Even when Okonkwo beats his wife for coming home late during the Week of Peace the priestess, who is a woman, is not upset with Okonkwo for beating his wife, she even says that his wife was wrong. The priestess was upset with Okonkwo for breaking the Weak of Peace and cursing his village. For the book, Things Fall Apart, I am going to compared and contrast some of the parts I have just highlighted about the book. I will discuss marriage and how it is viewed in the United States. I will also talk about the role of being a man, the view of women, and the role of religion. Marriage in the Umuofia clan is an agreement among men. Fathers sell their daughters to the best suitor for a ‘bride-price’ which is agreed on by both parties. This shows a sort of class structure within the community. Men of a higher class can offer more for a woman of higher class. Class is determined by the size of your farm, the number of yams you have, and your war accomplishments. There is no status for women in their society, because they have ownership of nothing. Women are judged by whether or not they are married, and whether or not they have children, and how many. Marriage in Western culture, though changing, is similar to marriage in the Iguedo village. Marriage in the Western civilization has origin in many different ancient cultures of which the Roman, Hebrew, and Germanic are the most influential. http://www2.hu-berlin.de/sexology/ATLAS_EN/html/history_of_marriage_in_western.html. As we all know, the Christian church and their policies have greatly influenced the western beliefs and traditions of marriage. Up until recently marriage in our culture was an arranged agreement between two families, such as marriage is in the Iguedo village. By families, I mean the fathers, and husband to be. Women had very little voice in the matter, and love was rarely part of the deal.

Honor vs. Honour

Honor vs. Honour Honor vs. Honour Honor vs. Honour By Maeve Maddox One of the most noticeable differences between U.S. and British spelling is that of pairs like honor, honour and glamor, glamour. The dropping of the u in such words is often attributed to the progressive thinking of American lexicographer Noah Webster (1758-1843), but Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) thought of it first. As a printer, Franklin had a professional interest in spelling. In 1768, he published his ideas and ordered a custom type font that included eight extra symbols. Years later, he approached Noah Webster with his innovations. Webster was not interested: There seems to be an inclination in some writers to alter the spelling of words, by expunging the superfluous letters. This appears to arise from the same pedantic fondness for singularity that prompts new fashions of pronunciation. Thus they write the words favour, honour, etc. without u† In 1768, Webster’s view was that it was better â€Å"to speak our language with propriety and elegance as we have it,† but by 1789, he’d changed his mind: I once believed that a reformation of our orthography would be unnecessary and impracticable. This opinion was hastyI now believe with Dr. Franklin that such a reformation is practicable and highly necessary.† By the time Webster published his first small dictionary in 1806, he was ready to drop the u from the â€Å"honour family† of nouns. Modern British spelling retains the u in armour, behaviour, clamour, colour, endeavour, favour, fervour, flavour, glamour, harbour, humour, labour, neighbour, odour, rancour, rigour, rumour, saviour, splendour, and similar words. Even in British spelling, however, when certain endings are added to these nouns, our becomes or. The endings that alter the our spelling are -ous, -ary, -ation, -ial, and ific. The following are both British and U.S. spellings: glamorous, humorous, laborious, rancorous, rigorous, coloration, honorary, honorific, armorial. Note: the word behaviour seems to be putting up a fight. The OED gives both spellings, behavioural and behavioral. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Words for Facial ExpressionsCapitalization Rules for Names of Historical Periods and MovementsList of 50 Compliments and Nice Things to Say!

Evaluate whether it is possible to deliver the National Curriculum in Essay

Evaluate whether it is possible to deliver the National Curriculum in a way that it meets its broadest aims, especially in the t - Essay Example The individual schools should be more focused on paying attention to time pupils spend there. Individual schools should be able to develop their own programs and develop different approaches to learning. Aims of the National Curriculum The main aims of the National Curriculum are the following: to reflect and implement high standards and develop coherence in school teaching; to give a guarantee that all children would gain essential knowledge in key subjects; teachers should freely use their professionalism to facilitate and improve the learning process. The UK is looking forward to effective changes and innovations implementation in the National Curriculum (starting from January, 2011). The main emphasis is made on the necessity of the essential knowledge gaining by children. NC is mainly focused on children knowledge development in different areas of their interests and will promote more free relations between children and their teachers. The most effective methods of studies are t o be chosen by teachers and the needs of students should be covered in a wider context of the modernity. The Mathematics Curriculum for example, is mediated by four main aims: the usage and application of mathematics, promotion of number and algebra knowledge, awareness of shape, space and measures and data handling. All these aims are focused on 4 different ages' stages of the students. Moreover, spiritual, cultural, social and moral development is a must for mathematics curriculum. Thus, through development of basic mathematical skills, this curriculum is focused on a broader development of an individual. Many other skills, such as interpersonal communication, improvement of one's learning, problem solving skills, development of entrepreneurial abilities etc are also outlined by the NC in Mathematics. These are broad aims of the NC in Mathematics, actually. Changes in Methods Nowadays there are many teaching methods and it is often argued the way children should gain their knowled ge. What should come first: media or methods? It is better to give the answer to this question. Bloom’s Taxonomy for Higher order thinking underlines that it is necessary to pay attention to the following aspects of learning: remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating (Eble, 1994). These basic skills for further development in possible scientific explorations or some other ventures should be developed from the first years in school. Very often children in the primary school use computer technologies. Teachers can apply Internet resources to the field of their teaching and focus on such aspects, as information search and a potential information analysis and implementation both in the process of reading skills or mathematical skills (Department of Education; Dipietro, 2004). Teachers in the modern context of UK education should become a mentor, a friend and an instructor. It should be noted that language skills are high on the agenda nowadays. A s tudent should be able to formulate his request to read relevant information, process and implement it. Language skills are essential in effective search strings development. The students should be able to use relevant search terms, synonyms, appropriate words, to be able to create other key words and phrases for search. Therefore, one of the first and foremost methods of learning can be found in

Twentieth and Twenty-First Century Philosopher Biography Project Paper Essay

Twentieth and Twenty-First Century Philosopher Biography Project Paper and Persuasive Presentation - Essay Example Rand supported the Kerensky revolution but denounced the Bolshevik revolution. Because of the latter revolution, fighting erupted and her family relocated to Crimea where she finished her studies. Later in life, her father’s pharmacy was confiscated after the communist victory, a fact that saw a lot of suffering. Rand immensely opposed the Russian way of life, especially their collectivism and mysticism. Instead, she admired and emulated the American culture, and even changed her name from Alisa Zinovievna Rosenbaum. She studied Philosophy in the Petrograd University and graduated in 1924. Some of her works include The Fountainhead, Atlas Shrugged, and Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal, Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology, and We the Living among others. Sadly, Rand passed on in 1982 from a cardiac failure but her work still raises discussions and debates in the world of philosophy. Ayn Rand is recognized worldwide for her philosophy of objectivism. Rand pointed out that peop le can understand the world. She elaborates further that this can be achieved by reasoning and logic. This has elicited controversy since other philosophers have proposed that reality is unclear. They have claimed that reasoning and logic sometimes cannot be depended on, coining it as subjectivism. Rand discounted this claim, citing erosion of self-esteem and confidence as its downsides. Instead, she asserted that reality is what it is and that one can certainly know what is. It is because of this that termed her philosophy objectivism, where one is required to check their premises in case they are not sure about something. This was the philosophy of epistemology. Rand termed objectivism as ‘a philosophy for those living on earth’. Her philosophy, she claimed, was based on man as a hero, with the moral purpose in his life being in pursuit of his happiness. Man’s noble activity, in her philosophy, is to be productive in his achievements. However, she acknowledges the fact that this happiness cannot be achieved by mere whim or wish. Objectivism outlines the principles that one must live with, even in pursuit of happiness. This include, among others, respect for other people’s rights as well as possession of moral integrity. Rand also proposed the capitalism ideology where Laissez- Faire capitalism is the concept introduced by objectivists in the political world. Here, the government is limited in its actions and protection the life of each citizen and his or her property are its functions. The government also ensures that there is no use of force by one citizen against the other. An objectivist, from this description, therefore, is one who achieves in the creation of ideas and art; succeed in businesses and the invention of technologies. This they achieve through their own talents and efforts or trading with other independent minds. Objectivism believes in optimism. There is always that hope that the world is open for everyone’s happiness and thus living fulfilling lives. This she mentioned in her two books, Atlas Shrugged and The Fountainhead. Even in her high school life, Rand had always objected to mysticism. She believed that all truth was arrived at after a careful analysis of the facts of reality, something that should be done without contradictions. It is a fact that objectivists believe that everyone is free to believe in whatever they want. However, they should not claim that what they believe is the truth without verifying the proofs. This could be

The Characters of Tom and Daisy of The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald :: F. Scott Fitzgerald

The characters' search of their own identities and the struggle that ensues is the most suffusive theme throughout The Great Gatsby . The fact that we never really know the characters, and the corrupt immoral things they do, directly represent the 20's high society lifestyle. The characters continued to cheat on their spouses, let money become their obsession, and debated the American dream for the hopes of one day obtaining happiness. But the fact remains that they have no true morals or ideals of themselves as individuals. These are a group of people who --no matter how cocky and self- confident they seem-- have absolutely no idea of what they are doing (as many men and women of the 20's do not). Tom and Daisy are two examples. Â   Daisy is a hospitable character who had a love for parties and tended to lose herself in them and the drinking. Daisy once said, "What'll we do with ourselves this afternoon, and the day after that, and the next thirty years?" This quote not only means she lives for one day at a time never thinking of the future, but that she truly has no idea of what to do with herself. She is like loose change floating around wandering from party to party, man to man, friend to friend, in a big house in East Egg with no sense of purpose. She once attempted to plan something when she first reunited with Nick. She said, "What'll we plan? What do people plan?" meaning she has never had to make decisions nor has she had much responsibility. Not only does she have no purpose, she has no morals. She literally killed a woman and went home to eat cold chicken. What more, her lover was killed and she left on a trip missing his funeral. Show me a woman who has no morals or goals and I'll show you a woman who is searching for her own identity. Â   Tom Buchanan is a small man hiding in a big house with an equally large ego. In fact, he once remarked that women run around too much and meet the wrong kind of people. This statement is both arrogant and ironic because he runs around with the wrong people, and women run around with him- he being the wrong people. Also, when stating this he was most likely referring to his wife, and subtly putting her down for her relationship with Gatsby in a most conceited way.

Broadway The American Musical Essay

At the start of the 20th century, the popular vaudeville shows that crossed the nation became the training ground and inspiration for the birth of the American musical. As the primary location for the professionalization of American performance art, understanding the complicated negotiation of gendered and racial identities on the Broadway stage provides important background to the development of an American identity in concert dance through the rest of the century. As you watch these videos notice how musicals come to represent American ideals such as abundance, opportunity, pluralism, optimism. 2.1 Give My Regards to Broadway: 2.1.1 Some of the images from the Follies look like the creation of a new Eden. It was said that in America the streets were paved with gold. Describe the ‘abundance’ found in Ziegfeld Follies and how this relates to an image of America. It reflects to how women being described pure like gold. In the show, all the women wear gold that describes valuable objects. Ziegfeld understands of how he could sell â€Å"sex† idea (by women) to the audience. 2.1.2 What were the Follies and how did they include the different ethnic minorities present in America. The include other cultures in the show by telling jokes to the audience. There were several culture mentioned in the jokes, such as Irish jokes, Italian jokes, and Jewish jokes. 2.1.3 A Follies ‘girl’ had to have a ‘regular profile’, and most were six feet tall. If a Follies girl is the ideal American girl, who is excluded from the image of ideal America? Mostly others race, such as Asian, Black, or any other race besides Causasion. 2.1.4 Many immigrants left the Old World because the social structures of the time kept them locked in a certain economic class. America held the promise of changing one’s station in life. It was the land of opportunity. How was the opportunity and variety found in Vaudeville representative of this idea of America? Vaudeville is the era when anyone can perfome anything featuring dancing, comedies, and singing that focus on individual performance. It represents the idea of America because it displays of mixed cultures in America. It defines a picture of culture variety in America, which unites America. 2.1.5 Describe the clip from Yankee Doodle Dandy. How is Cagney, playing Cohan, the ideal American? Look at who else is on stage, who is or is not allowed to be in this image of America?  Cagney represents a picture of American pictures, such as white man and high class image (nice suit). Based on the video, all of the people on stage are Causasion, which excludes other culture. 2.1.6 How does the musical ‘Mythologize’ America? 1.2.3=Lesson 1.Resource 2. Question 3 2 Mostly represent majority race (mostly represent Causasion), displays perfect picture of American girl (pure, pretty, perfect picture), and represents great music and dance. 2.1.7 How did Burt Williams both perpetuate and challenge stereotypes of black Americans? What does it mean for a black man to perform in black face? Burt William represents a picture of black Americans at that time by telling the audience jokes that related about black Americans. However, besides his jokes he also put other images like the pain being a black American indirectly by his jokes or by his song. Perform in black face was the only way for him to perform in enternainment industry. 2.1.8 Burt Williams claims that he would like to do both the ‘pathos’ (drama) and the fun, but he is known for comedy and if he did the pathos, he would no longer be Burt Williams. Is Burt Williams, then, an actual man, or just a character? Burt Williams at that times represents as a character only because he hides himself and only performs the arts by telling audience jokes. He understands  that his job is to entertain the audience. 2.1.9 Form/technique: Describe blackface performance through its origins, its popularity and performances by Burt Williams and Al Jolson.  Using blackface for black performers and white performers, mostly contains comedy, and stereotyping of black cultures (make fun of black Americans) 2.1.10 How did Fanny Brice break the expected image of the Ziegfeld girl? She breaks all the images of American standard of beauty such as being physically pretty. She represents a comedy story by using facial gestures and eyes movevents. 2.1.11 How did World War I change Broadway? It changed the characteristic of broadway, from blackface to Tin Pan Alley era where most of all the musicians and artists produce their idea in the one building and presents it after. 2.1.12 Show Boat was a marriage of what two traditions? European operetta and American musical comedy. 2.1.13 Why was Show Boat so influential? In terms of subject matter? In terms of who was included on stage? Show Boat represent producer’s idea of musics, which represents American music. 2.1.14 Based on what you have seen, how was Broadway ‘uniquely American’? It represented musical theme and comedy which was entertaining to audience. It also displayed of mixed cultural background to represent the arts on the stage, such as black American culture , Causasion culture (mostly European), and Jewish. 2.2 Syncopated City â€Å"In the ‘20s everyone had permission to visit each other’s land and see what they were doing.† 2.2.1 Alcohol was outlawed during Prohibition, but was not strictly enforced in NY. This meant that people of all social classes were breaking the law and thus normal rules about 1.2.3=Lesson 1.Resource 2.

Responding To A Man-Made Or A Natural Disaster Presents

Responding to a man-made or a natural disaster presents dangers and difficulties to first responders, and involved agencies, whether they are local, state or federal agencies. The difficulties in responding to these critical incidents make having a plan essential to successfully respond to, and manage the outcome of a critical incident. The United States government has established a national plan called the National Incident Management System (NIMS). NIMS is comprised of 6 components which help local, state and federal agencies respond to, control and manage a critical incident, whether it be man-made or a natural disaster. Communications and information management are the most important aspects of NIMS, to assist the involved agencies†¦show more content†¦3). The single most important aspect of NIMS is the Communications and Information Management component. The National Incident Management System states, â€Å"Establishing and maintaining a common operating picture and ensuring accessibility and interoperability are principal goals of communications and information management† (p. 49). Communication, information management, and intelligence are the keys to solving problems, and issues when dealing with a man-made or natural disaster. Hurricane Katrina was one of the largest natural disasters in recent history of the United States. This powerful hurricane affected much of the east coast especially Louisiana and Mississippi. The hurricane landed on August 5th 2005, most people evacuated from the coastal areas of Louisiana and Mississippi. Approximately 1.2 million people evacuated from their homes in the New Orleans area, something like 100,000 remained in New Orleans, and another 10,000 took shelter in the Superdome. Hurricane Katrina caused an estimated 1500 deaths and was the third largest hurricane in US history. Hurricane Katrina cost approximately 160 billion dollars to respond to, and caused 81 billion dollars in damage (http://hurricanescience.org/history/studies/katrinacase/impacts). This natural disaster was a perfect example of when and where NIMS would be used, andShow MoreRelatedDevelopments Of Securing The Nation s Ports788 Words   |  4 Pagesprimary responsibilities of securing the United St ates homeland and responding to increasing threats emanating from both nature and humans. While â€Å"preventing terrorist attacks remains the primary focus of the Department of Homeland Security†, the agency lead other 22 Federal Agencies, States, Local, Tribal, business communities, and other concerned profit and nonprofit organizations to co-ordinate, provide immediate humanitarian and disaster reliefs whenever such occur (U.S. Department of Homeland SecurityRead MoreEffects Of Crisis On Children And Youth Essay1741 Words   |  7 Pageshas on an individual(s). 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Inventory Controls And Inventory Control - 986 Words

Inventory tracking In the interview, Celine mentions that the company is lacking inventory control. There is no regular auditing in place to keep track of stocks. This practice is unacceptable. I recommend that the manager makes sure inventory is regularly checked. Businesses spend a great deal of time with tracking inventory. Even for a small company like AC Medical Supplies and Equipment there is a need for inventory control. Inventory management is considered a best practice in the business world. When a company does not audit its inventory, it is taking a gamble on unwanted risk. Some companies have experienced financial losses in the result of failed inventory controls. Regular inventory control improves accuracy in products that are stored in the company. Employees will know what products are available and what product will need to be restocked. Inventory control can prevent a shortage and overstock of products. There is also a reduction in time spent on counting inventory because regular audit reports will have product information in real-time. Regular inventory audits will prevent loss and mismanagement of products. Losing products is not good for business. Companies have yearly shrinkage of products that went missing. Losing products can place a financial burden on a small business. According to Fortune, companies saw a 1.4% shrinkage in inventory. While that percentage is small, image if the company is making a million dollars in sales. One million dollars times aShow MoreRelatedInventory Management : Inventory Control1257 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is inventory control? Inventory control means a lot of key things that are very important to a firm or small business to maximize use of inventory. The goal of inventory control is to strive and create the maximum profit from the least amount of inventory investment without interfering with customer s satisfaction relationships. Retailers and distributors have a really heavy impact on the processes of inventory because of the investment into it. Having too much of a product could result inRead MoreIntroduction Of An Inventory Control Method963 Words   |  4 PagesI. Introduction to Just-in-Time When discussing just-in-time most people will focus on its initial position as an inventory control method that attempts to match production as closely to sales as possible. This system attempts to do this by producing or purchasing items just in time to be used, and thereby minimize the cost of holding inventory (Lee Ebrahimpour, 2007; Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 1995). One expert has stated that just in time seeks to â€Å"produce and deliver finished goodsRead MoreRfp Inventory Control Essay5651 Words   |  23 PagesRequest for Proposal An Inventory Control System Just Seeds Unlimited Co. 4105 Stuart Andrew Blvd Unit #3 Charlotte, NC 28217 704.222.2222 Distribution List (TBD) Linnea L. Williams lwilliams.lwilliams@gmail.com PM598 – May 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INSTRUCTIONS TO BIDDERS 5 1.1. General Description of Work 5 1.2. What Must Be Included with Bid 5 1.3. Schedule of Bid Period Activities 6 1.4. Location of Work 6 1.5. Pre-Bid Meeting 7 1.6. Owner Contact for QuestionsRead MoreThe Principles Of Supply Chain And Inventory Control1125 Words   |  5 Pagesof the owner, the trustee of the bank Milwaukee Bank has taken control of the company’s affairs. Milwaukee appointed a new company president and he has identified several problems, one of which pertaining to the inventory control system. The new president requested recommendations among his employees on revising the inventory control system and detailed analysis as to why these changes are to be implemented. To improve the inventory management system the best way would be to identify the systemsRead MoreInventory Control System Case Study: Kudler Fine Foods1326 Words   |  6 Pagesand has generated over $45 million in revenue. Smith Systems Consulting was contracted to develop a frequent shopper program by developing a hardware platform, network connections, software development tools, database information, user interfaces, controls and security measures . Each of these aspects will be explained and developed in the following documents. Hardware PlatformKudler Fine Foods has three locations, La Jolla, Del Mar and Encinitas that all must implement the same hardware to ensureRead MoreInventory And Inventory Control System1235 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION: The more inventory a company has†¦ the less likely they will have what they need. -Taichi Ohno What is Inventory? Inventory is considered to be the raw materials, work-in-process goods or completely finished goods that are a portion of a business s assets that are ready for use or will be ready for sale to customers. Possessing huge amount of inventory for longer period of time is not considered to be usually good for a business because of inventory storage, obsolescence andRead MoreThe Importance of Inventory Control1587 Words   |  7 PagesInventory is defined as any stored resource that is used to satisfy a current or future need (Render, Stair amp; Hanna, 2012). Many things come to make up inventory a few examples of what make up inventory are finished goods, raw materials, and work-in-progress. When it comes to a company’s most important and often times most expensive assets you discover inventory makes up as much as 50% of a company’s total invested capital (Render, Stair amp; Hanna, 2012). This paper will take a look at theRead MoreBusiness Inventory Controls1957 Words   |  8 PagesBusiness Inventory Control Meghan Farrar, Amanda May, Nancy Dinges, Scott Moore and Bianca Holmes American Public University Introduction â€Å"Inventory is one of the most expensive and important assets to many companies, representing as much as 50% of total invested capital. Managers have long recognized that good inventory control is crucial† (Render et al, 2011). Therefore, it is really no surprise that companies place such a high importance on inventory control. An analysisRead MoreArticle Review : Inventory Control918 Words   |  4 PagesArticle Evaluation Essay Hongyi Li Here is an article evaluation essay based on the SCORE association’s inventory control hand out, the link is showing below: http://www.ct-clic.com/Newsletters/customer-files/inventory0602.pdf Inventory Control This article, â€Å"inventory control†, was written by SCORE association. According to the SBA (U.S. Small Business Administration) The SCORE association is a nonprofit organization; it is also known as the â€Å"Counselors to America’s Small Business†, which is a governmentRead MoreThe Test Of Radioactive Inventory Control1395 Words   |  6 Pagesoperators. 5.2. Test questions The 33 question test includes a mix of multiple choice, true and false and fill in the blank questions on key elements from the following procedures: AGHCF-SR-116, AGHCF Radioactive Material Inventory Control (11 questions), Radioactive inventory is a staple procedures within the facility this procedure is performed on a daily bases when the project is active. Currently this procedure is on revision 13 and the original training was performed via a classroom setting

Should Gmo Be Banned - 1582 Words

Should Genetically -Modified Foods Be Banned? In the past decade genetically modified foods have been have made a world of stir about whether these foods are beneficial to our society or if they are actually hurtful.There is plenty information that is available to help support both sides of the issue but for every positive thing there is also a negative consequence.With genetically-modified foods being a trendy topic and being like all great debates it has its prons and cons, so it all comes down to whether the good will supercede the bad, or vice versa. The word GM foods or sometimes labeled GMOs (genetically-modified organisms) is created for human and/or animal use by using the most advanced molecular biology procedures. The plants†¦show more content†¦Producing plants that can live through extended times of drought or and groundwater will help people to produce crops in formerly inhospitable areas as well. Malnutrition is very common in third world countries where the poor peoples rely on a single crop such as rice for the main ingredient of their diet. Since, rice does not contain a sufficient amount of all the vital nutrients to prevent malnutrition, but what if rice could be genetically engineered to contain additional vitamins and minerals, so that certian nutrient deficiencies would be reduced. Its a proven fact that every person will become ill atleast once in there lives and the use of medicines and vaccines often are costly to produce and sometimes may require special storage techniques that is not available in third world countries, and now researchers are working to patent edible vaccines in tomatoes and potatoes. These vaccines will be much easier to ship, store and administer than traditional injectable vaccines. To not be misleading not all GM plants are grown as crops, soil and groundwater pollution still remains a problem in almost if not every part of the world. One example of an effort to help eliminate this is the use of poplar trees, these trees have been genetically engin eered to clean up heavy metal pollution from contaminated soil. On the other hand you have critics like Martin Teital who states that geneticallyShow MoreRelatedShould Gmo Be Banned?1292 Words   |  6 Pagescontroversies in the food industry is GMO which stands for genetically modified organisms such as plant ingredient in a food or as standalone food for example corn or soybean has its genetic blueprint altered through technology by scientists in laboratories in a way to gain development benefits. Some are against this practice based on how loosely this practice gets regulated and concern rise over the amount of power this gives to food corporations that are making GMO foods as well as concerns of healthRead MoreWhy GMOs Should Be Banned674 Words   |  3 Pagesfoods (GMOs) is very complex. There are many aspects of this process we must consider when deciding if GMOs should continue to be sold. Due to many human health, environmental, and economical concerns the sale of all gene tically modified foods should be banned. Here is some history of GMO: In 1980 the first GMO patent was issued by the U.S. Patent Office. This in where the battle of GMO started. Many years later in 1994 the first GMO begins sale in grocery stores. In 1999 the amount of GMO crops hasRead MoreWhy Gmo Should Be Banned1382 Words   |  6 PagesThere are roughly sixty countries that require GMO labeling and they do not have the problem that the United States have. Some countries even go as far to ban GMOs and only let some in. They have to go through many processes and tests to examine the effects and quality of the plant and/or product. These countries have lower rates of GMO food purchases and their environment is much cleaner than the United States. Monsanto has always tried its hardest to prevent any law from passing to regulateRead MoreGmo Labeling Laws Should Not Be Banned1331 Words   |  6 Pagesof the foods that the average person consumes there reside harmful ingredients and chemicals. Citizens and scientists ali ke have posed questions and concern about not only what a GMO is, but why the government refuses to pass GMO-labeling laws, while still claiming GMOs harmless characteristics. GMO-containing foods should be labeled to the fullest extent due to the fact that people have the right to know what they are consuming, regardless of what the government and big-box companies have to say aboutRead MorePersuasive Speech About Gmo984 Words   |  4 Pageschose â€Å"GMOs should be banned in Philippines† is because I want all of us to be aware what GMOs are and why GMOs should be banned. So first of, what are GMOs? GMOs or Genetically Modified Organisms is simply known as the transfer of genes. According to my internet sources, GMO is a gene from one organism that is purposely moved to improve or change another organism, GMOs are created when a gene from one species is transferred to another, creating something that would not be found in nature. GMOs areRead MoreThe And Its Effects On Th e Country Of Norway Essay1244 Words   |  5 PagesEverything that is labeled on the products is genuinely honest. There are certain foods in certain countries that are specifically banned. Russia has banned corn that has been produced in the United States. Also, Peru has passed a law for a 10-year ban on GMOs and products that contain GMOs due to GMO infested food that has been shipped from the United States. Poland has banned potatoes and corn! Creating genetically modified food and other products is detrimental because it contains cheaper ingredientsRead MoreLet s Protect Our Nation By Banning Gmo858 Words   |  4 PagesModified Organism should be banned because genetically modified research is not reinforced by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).The health of our citizens is more important than the affordability of the foods that GMO provides. GMO’s corporations are harming our environment and needs to be stopped. Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) should be outlawed in the United States. Genetically modified organism research are not reinforced by the Food and Drug Administration, thus should prohibited in ourRead MoreThe Genetic Modification Of Food1654 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many different views concerning GMOs and quest the ideological and moral arguments related with this subject. Survey factors affect the decision of nations or each person on whether GMOs are condensing or harmful to health. Veganism is a â€Å"type of vegetarian diet that refuse meat, eggs, dairy products and all other animal-derived ingredients† (Hackett, 2014) . Interview someone who followed veganism but became vegetarian, vegans don’t support GMOs. They â€Å"like to eat as close to nature asRead MoreSupport Traditional Crops1634 Words   |  7 Pagessupport traditional crops. Some GMOs are even designed to help prevent vitamin deficiencies by adding needed nutrients to crops that do not typically have a particular nutrient. One of the leading arguments for the supporters of GMO’s is the possibility that it will enable the world to produce enough food to continue to support the growing population. According to Madeline Ostrander as it is estimated that the population of people on the earth will increase to 9.5 billion people by 2050 and thatRead MoreA Long Day At Work And Now1574 Words   |  7 Pagesdo some research and find out that it is a Genetically Modified Organism. ( GMO) A GMO is, â€Å"an organism whose genome has been altered by the techniques of genetic engineering so that its DNA contains one or more genes not normally found there.† Having that in mind, is it okay to alter genetics? Whether it’s food or a living thing? Before you can answer that, there is much to be learned about these GMOs. The history of GMOs go way back to the mid 1800s when a monk named Gregory Mendel published his

Personal and Professional Development Free Essays

string(63) " things done also causes me stress when I have too many tasks\." Introduction My own journey to â€Å"today†, thankfully, did not happen individually. I smile when I remember so many helpful people who were contributed in my own learning, growing and developing. I came from Lithuania 8 years ago, immediately after finishing my Secondary School. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal and Professional Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now My first work in Ireland was â€Å"Argos† shop, based in Cavan Town. This job built on my past particular interest and experience in the Retail and Customer service processes. After spending 3 years in Argos I have decided that I can do something more than just being a sales advisor. So I did 1 year FETAC Level 5 course- Business and Secretarial in Cavan Institute. After the successful training I realized that I need to go for higher studies and get myself in to the Management Environment. In order to achieve these goals I need to keep developing myself in both ways: personally and professionally. In this assignment I intend to look at my competencies; analyze all my strengths and weaknesses and list my Personal Development Plan. The competencies required by me as a manager Learning is the method and process which uses personal-power, knowledge and experience to: * make sense of things, (by thinking) * make things happen, (by doing) bring about change, (by moving from one position to another) Learning involves developing skills and competencies in response to both present and anticipated future challenges. Good managers often have many qualities in common. Below is a list of competencies or characteristics that generally lead to good management skills. Consider how well management job applicants have demonstrated the following capabilities in t heir previous position. Typical Management Competencies: * Analysis Individual Leadership * Oral Communication * Customer Service Orientation Initiative Organizational * Awareness Delegation Judgment Quality Management * Developing Organizational * Talent * Managing Work Teamwork * Empowerment Maximizing Performance Written Communication * Follow-up Negotiation As a manager and a leader I will be judged not only on the results I have achieved but the level of competence I have attained and applied in getting those results. Competence is about knowledge and skills – what people need to know and be able to do carry out their work well. The following list is an example of competencies required by me to become a good and successful manager: Achievement orientation. The desire to get things done well and the ability to set and meet challenging goals, create own measures of excellence and constantly seek ways of improving performance. Business awareness. The capacity continually to identify and explore business opportunities, to understand the business priorities of the organization. Communication. The ability to communicate clearly and persuasively, orally or in writing. Customer focus. The exercise of unceasing care in looking after the interests of external and internal customers to ensure that they wants, needs and expectations are met or exceeded. Developing others. To desire and capacity to foster the development of members of his or her team, providing feedback, support, encouragement and coaching. Leadership. The capacity to inspire individuals to give of their best to achieve a desired result and to maintain effective relationships with individuals and a team as a whole. Planning. The ability to desire on courses of action, ensuring that the recourses required to implement the action will be available and scheduling the programme of work required to achieve a defined end-result. Problem solving. The capacity to analyse situations, diagnose problems and identify the key issues. Teamwork. The ability to work cooperatively and flexibly with other members of a team. However, I think that managerial competencies and skills are not the same. Of course, foreground is important resource which is using by doing any work, but they are not always related to our specific activities or functions of the job. Competence in managerial terms, by contrast, refers to the absolute ability to perform a specific job according to prescribed standards. Competence can be defined as a behavioral repertoire, allowing an organization in a particular way to achieve adequate performance to the strategic goals of the organization. In other words, competence means the work necessary to accomplish missions or play the role of ability, skills, knowledge, and a mix of skills. My SWOT analysis against these competencies The positive strengths of a manager are not measured based solely on productivity levels and completed sales. They are measured based on how well a manager understands his employees and is able to create an environment in which employees can be creative, innovative and driven. Strengths My basic strengths for successful managing would be my qualification, knowledge, general skills, health, strong points of character and personality. One of my biggest strengths is my friendliest and ability to learn things very quickly. I am also proud that I can easily speak 4 languages: Lithuanian, Russian, Latvian and English. My second best strength is my flexibility to handle change. As customer advisor at my last job, I was able to turn around a negative working environment and develop a very supportive team. I easily became a good companion to all my colleagues. I can also say that I am very punctual person, I don’t like to get late and I don’t like when other people are late too. This would be one the most important strengths for managers as it shows how politely and responsible they are. Weaknesses Of course everyone must have some weaknesses too. Some people know how to handle their weaknesses in the right way. Others keep hiding them and do not want any help. I believe that the more I look and analyse at my weaknesses the more I intend to develop myself in to the better way. My greatest weakness in managerial role would be that I like to make sure that my work is perfect, so I tend to perhaps spend a little too much time checking it. However, I’ve come to a good balance by setting up a system to ensure everything is done correctly the first time. This same need to get things done also causes me stress when I have too many tasks. You read "Personal and Professional Development" in category "Essay examples" I also get nervous when presenting ideas to clients or colleagues and a public speaking often takes the passion out of me. I don’t really like delegating people; I think it takes more time to explain than to do the job myself. I believe that only good experience and training can help me to overcome these weaknesses. Opportunities I’m currently perusing Management Practice course in CITC and it will surely help me to improve my management skills. Financial institutes and Banks can offer funding loans for paying tuition fees for my future studies. Treats Global economy is facing significant possibility of recession. New technology. Device a personal development plan to ensure your own effectiveness in managerial role Personal and Professional development is important. Organisations need to create opportunities for different types of experiences and ensure people are nurtured. As people development involves moving people by one position to another, this means that learning will be needed; changing and learning are directly connected. One of the difficulties with learning, however, is that many people think they can get along without it. They either think that their knowledge is sufficient already, or they believe that they will learn by experience without any conscious effort. Needless to say, this views to hold in times of continual challenge, and new developments. My personal development plan will be based on analysing my personality, my leadership style and my learning style. As Mullins (2005) states, â€Å"Psychologists have defined personality as consisting of stable characteristics which explain why a person behaves in a particular way†. Besides, to take a holistic view of personality, it is important to take into consideration the dynamic processes, which means focusing on the ways in which an individual’s traits interact. Armstrong (2006) indicates that personality can be regarded as the relatively stable and enduring aspects of individuals that distinguish them from other people. The aim of this Professional Development Plan is to establish a process of self-management and self-development. To develop myself, it is important to have an idea of my strengths and weaknesses and how can I convert my weaknesses to strengths. It also contains the opportunities that I have in me, I can take advantage of them, and if any change happens in the environment, how can I face this change and get adjustable to these changes. This personal development plan is the key to carry out my goals. It will not only help me to develop myself but also will help me to reach my goals and be successful. SKILLS: There are two type of skills require to achieve my goal: 1. Fundamental skills 2. Professional skills 1) Fundamentals skills: * Discipline and time keeping * Team work * Stability 2) Professional skills * Supervisory * Sales skills * Group activities Above skills are useful to achieve my personal development plan and my long terms goal. There are more skills required such as communicating, roll model, attitude, self-motivation, decision making, hard work dedication, safety in work, carefulness etc. I did my on exercise to achieve some skills. These are skills use to achieve my goal where I am now. I will try to complete all skills, which are taking me to my manager goal I think that many personal development skills in one way or another connected with professional and personal development: professional development develops personality. Therefore, the performance of personal development training is affecting human and professional growth while strengthening their professional skills and abilities. My personal development should take place through a series of types of planed experiences. The following list gives examples of some other types of development activities that I might use to meet my development needs: Creativity in education * Self-confidence, positive self esteem * Healthy lifestyle * Time management * Public Speaking * Delegation * Nonverbal language * Modern table etiquette * Improvisational workshops * Dance workshops * Art workshops * Singing workshops * Reading * Networking. ,, If you don’t have clearly defined goals, you will never make it to your object ive. You will be like an airplane without a rudder drifting in the clouds rather than heading toward a specific destination you have marked on a map. Goals are made up of tasks. When you successfully complete all of the tasks in a goal, you have met your goal â€Å"(David Rye 2009). According to David Rye words it is easier to achieve our goals if we make a decision as early as possible: who we want to become in the future and how long will it takes to achieve it? Whatever goals people choose to pursue, they must believe that they are attainable. The following list is my short, medium and long term development needs that I am planning to achieve: Short term development goals- I want to become a member in a voluntary organization and take an opportunity to attend day training courses according to management role. Medium term development goals- Take some other professional courses related to business studies. Long term Development goals- I look forward to get a manager job. I see myself in a management role, leading my team to new innovations and growth. I have a desire to develop my skills as a manager, I’m sure I will eventually get there. These gaols are SMART: Specific- I know what I want, I know why is important, and when I am going to do. Measurable- I can measure and see changes. Attainable – is a not too far goal, it’s going to stretch me slightly and motivates me. Realistic- I can attain these goals. Timely – In 5 years I am going to achieve all above mentioned goals. Conclusion In conclusion I would like to say that if I want to become a good and successful manager I have to achieve my defined objectives, keep learning and continue to pursue my personal and career development plan. Also I need to strive constantly to improve my own effectiveness and the effectiveness of the operation or service for which I will be responsible. This involves playing a significant part in any organizational programmes for continuous improvement as well as subjecting my own activities to scrutiny so as to ensure that operational problems are identified and overcome. Everyone has the potential to become a Leader, but isn’t accomplished overnight. No matter where you’re starting from, you will get better at leading over time. There are many complex facets of leadership, including experience, emotional strengths, people skills, discipline, vision and motivation. The many factors that come into play in leadership are what makes becoming a leader both challenging and rewarding. (David Rye 2009) References 1. David Rye, (2009) â€Å"Stop Mnaging and Lead†. 2. Web Sites: www. palgrave. com www. businessballs. com www. open. ac. uk/safari/ 3. Class notes from tutor Arthur MCKeown. Bibliography 1. M. Armstrong â€Å"How to be an even better manager† 7th edition (1988) 2. Sally Palmer, (1998) â€Å"People and Self Management†. 3. Stuart Emmett, (2008) â€Å"Developing People†. Appendix Curriculum Vitae. Related article: Time Management – Work File How to cite Personal and Professional Development, Essay examples Personal and Professional Development Free Essays string(63) " things done also causes me stress when I have too many tasks\." Introduction My own journey to â€Å"today†, thankfully, did not happen individually. I smile when I remember so many helpful people who were contributed in my own learning, growing and developing. I came from Lithuania 8 years ago, immediately after finishing my Secondary School. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal and Professional Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now My first work in Ireland was â€Å"Argos† shop, based in Cavan Town. This job built on my past particular interest and experience in the Retail and Customer service processes. After spending 3 years in Argos I have decided that I can do something more than just being a sales advisor. So I did 1 year FETAC Level 5 course- Business and Secretarial in Cavan Institute. After the successful training I realized that I need to go for higher studies and get myself in to the Management Environment. In order to achieve these goals I need to keep developing myself in both ways: personally and professionally. In this assignment I intend to look at my competencies; analyze all my strengths and weaknesses and list my Personal Development Plan. The competencies required by me as a manager Learning is the method and process which uses personal-power, knowledge and experience to: * make sense of things, (by thinking) * make things happen, (by doing) bring about change, (by moving from one position to another) Learning involves developing skills and competencies in response to both present and anticipated future challenges. Good managers often have many qualities in common. Below is a list of competencies or characteristics that generally lead to good management skills. Consider how well management job applicants have demonstrated the following capabilities in t heir previous position. Typical Management Competencies: * Analysis Individual Leadership * Oral Communication * Customer Service Orientation Initiative Organizational * Awareness Delegation Judgment Quality Management * Developing Organizational * Talent * Managing Work Teamwork * Empowerment Maximizing Performance Written Communication * Follow-up Negotiation As a manager and a leader I will be judged not only on the results I have achieved but the level of competence I have attained and applied in getting those results. Competence is about knowledge and skills – what people need to know and be able to do carry out their work well. The following list is an example of competencies required by me to become a good and successful manager: Achievement orientation. The desire to get things done well and the ability to set and meet challenging goals, create own measures of excellence and constantly seek ways of improving performance. Business awareness. The capacity continually to identify and explore business opportunities, to understand the business priorities of the organization. Communication. The ability to communicate clearly and persuasively, orally or in writing. Customer focus. The exercise of unceasing care in looking after the interests of external and internal customers to ensure that they wants, needs and expectations are met or exceeded. Developing others. To desire and capacity to foster the development of members of his or her team, providing feedback, support, encouragement and coaching. Leadership. The capacity to inspire individuals to give of their best to achieve a desired result and to maintain effective relationships with individuals and a team as a whole. Planning. The ability to desire on courses of action, ensuring that the recourses required to implement the action will be available and scheduling the programme of work required to achieve a defined end-result. Problem solving. The capacity to analyse situations, diagnose problems and identify the key issues. Teamwork. The ability to work cooperatively and flexibly with other members of a team. However, I think that managerial competencies and skills are not the same. Of course, foreground is important resource which is using by doing any work, but they are not always related to our specific activities or functions of the job. Competence in managerial terms, by contrast, refers to the absolute ability to perform a specific job according to prescribed standards. Competence can be defined as a behavioral repertoire, allowing an organization in a particular way to achieve adequate performance to the strategic goals of the organization. In other words, competence means the work necessary to accomplish missions or play the role of ability, skills, knowledge, and a mix of skills. My SWOT analysis against these competencies The positive strengths of a manager are not measured based solely on productivity levels and completed sales. They are measured based on how well a manager understands his employees and is able to create an environment in which employees can be creative, innovative and driven. Strengths My basic strengths for successful managing would be my qualification, knowledge, general skills, health, strong points of character and personality. One of my biggest strengths is my friendliest and ability to learn things very quickly. I am also proud that I can easily speak 4 languages: Lithuanian, Russian, Latvian and English. My second best strength is my flexibility to handle change. As customer advisor at my last job, I was able to turn around a negative working environment and develop a very supportive team. I easily became a good companion to all my colleagues. I can also say that I am very punctual person, I don’t like to get late and I don’t like when other people are late too. This would be one the most important strengths for managers as it shows how politely and responsible they are. Weaknesses Of course everyone must have some weaknesses too. Some people know how to handle their weaknesses in the right way. Others keep hiding them and do not want any help. I believe that the more I look and analyse at my weaknesses the more I intend to develop myself in to the better way. My greatest weakness in managerial role would be that I like to make sure that my work is perfect, so I tend to perhaps spend a little too much time checking it. However, I’ve come to a good balance by setting up a system to ensure everything is done correctly the first time. This same need to get things done also causes me stress when I have too many tasks. You read "Personal and Professional Development" in category "Papers" I also get nervous when presenting ideas to clients or colleagues and a public speaking often takes the passion out of me. I don’t really like delegating people; I think it takes more time to explain than to do the job myself. I believe that only good experience and training can help me to overcome these weaknesses. Opportunities I’m currently perusing Management Practice course in CITC and it will surely help me to improve my management skills. Financial institutes and Banks can offer funding loans for paying tuition fees for my future studies. Treats Global economy is facing significant possibility of recession. New technology. Device a personal development plan to ensure your own effectiveness in managerial role Personal and Professional development is important. Organisations need to create opportunities for different types of experiences and ensure people are nurtured. As people development involves moving people by one position to another, this means that learning will be needed; changing and learning are directly connected. One of the difficulties with learning, however, is that many people think they can get along without it. They either think that their knowledge is sufficient already, or they believe that they will learn by experience without any conscious effort. Needless to say, this views to hold in times of continual challenge, and new developments. My personal development plan will be based on analysing my personality, my leadership style and my learning style. As Mullins (2005) states, â€Å"Psychologists have defined personality as consisting of stable characteristics which explain why a person behaves in a particular way†. Besides, to take a holistic view of personality, it is important to take into consideration the dynamic processes, which means focusing on the ways in which an individual’s traits interact. Armstrong (2006) indicates that personality can be regarded as the relatively stable and enduring aspects of individuals that distinguish them from other people. The aim of this Professional Development Plan is to establish a process of self-management and self-development. To develop myself, it is important to have an idea of my strengths and weaknesses and how can I convert my weaknesses to strengths. It also contains the opportunities that I have in me, I can take advantage of them, and if any change happens in the environment, how can I face this change and get adjustable to these changes. This personal development plan is the key to carry out my goals. It will not only help me to develop myself but also will help me to reach my goals and be successful. SKILLS: There are two type of skills require to achieve my goal: 1. Fundamental skills 2. Professional skills 1) Fundamentals skills: * Discipline and time keeping * Team work * Stability 2) Professional skills * Supervisory * Sales skills * Group activities Above skills are useful to achieve my personal development plan and my long terms goal. There are more skills required such as communicating, roll model, attitude, self-motivation, decision making, hard work dedication, safety in work, carefulness etc. I did my on exercise to achieve some skills. These are skills use to achieve my goal where I am now. I will try to complete all skills, which are taking me to my manager goal I think that many personal development skills in one way or another connected with professional and personal development: professional development develops personality. Therefore, the performance of personal development training is affecting human and professional growth while strengthening their professional skills and abilities. My personal development should take place through a series of types of planed experiences. The following list gives examples of some other types of development activities that I might use to meet my development needs: Creativity in education * Self-confidence, positive self esteem * Healthy lifestyle * Time management * Public Speaking * Delegation * Nonverbal language * Modern table etiquette * Improvisational workshops * Dance workshops * Art workshops * Singing workshops * Reading * Networking. ,, If you don’t have clearly defined goals, you will never make it to your object ive. You will be like an airplane without a rudder drifting in the clouds rather than heading toward a specific destination you have marked on a map. Goals are made up of tasks. When you successfully complete all of the tasks in a goal, you have met your goal â€Å"(David Rye 2009). According to David Rye words it is easier to achieve our goals if we make a decision as early as possible: who we want to become in the future and how long will it takes to achieve it? Whatever goals people choose to pursue, they must believe that they are attainable. The following list is my short, medium and long term development needs that I am planning to achieve: Short term development goals- I want to become a member in a voluntary organization and take an opportunity to attend day training courses according to management role. Medium term development goals- Take some other professional courses related to business studies. Long term Development goals- I look forward to get a manager job. I see myself in a management role, leading my team to new innovations and growth. I have a desire to develop my skills as a manager, I’m sure I will eventually get there. These gaols are SMART: Specific- I know what I want, I know why is important, and when I am going to do. Measurable- I can measure and see changes. Attainable – is a not too far goal, it’s going to stretch me slightly and motivates me. Realistic- I can attain these goals. Timely – In 5 years I am going to achieve all above mentioned goals. Conclusion In conclusion I would like to say that if I want to become a good and successful manager I have to achieve my defined objectives, keep learning and continue to pursue my personal and career development plan. Also I need to strive constantly to improve my own effectiveness and the effectiveness of the operation or service for which I will be responsible. This involves playing a significant part in any organizational programmes for continuous improvement as well as subjecting my own activities to scrutiny so as to ensure that operational problems are identified and overcome. Everyone has the potential to become a Leader, but isn’t accomplished overnight. No matter where you’re starting from, you will get better at leading over time. There are many complex facets of leadership, including experience, emotional strengths, people skills, discipline, vision and motivation. The many factors that come into play in leadership are what makes becoming a leader both challenging and rewarding. (David Rye 2009) References 1. David Rye, (2009) â€Å"Stop Mnaging and Lead†. 2. Web Sites: www. palgrave. com www. businessballs. com www. open. ac. uk/safari/ 3. Class notes from tutor Arthur MCKeown. Bibliography 1. M. Armstrong â€Å"How to be an even better manager† 7th edition (1988) 2. Sally Palmer, (1998) â€Å"People and Self Management†. 3. Stuart Emmett, (2008) â€Å"Developing People†. Appendix Curriculum Vitae. How to cite Personal and Professional Development, Papers Personal and Professional Development Free Essays string(164) " eventually get bored and loose the motivation of working Frustration: Frustration is a silent killer in workplace which creates motivation and enthusiasm problem\." Hotel manager is the person who is responsible for management of the hotel and its entire staff (SAGAS, 2012). We can also say hotel manager is someone who is accountable for managing the business of hotel and also assure the quality, radioactivity, performance of employees Cones Lockwood, 2004). Hotel manager is responsible for planning, budgeting, financial management and also directing and leading all hotel service. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal and Professional Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now This profession requires various types of skills, knowledge and experience which has to be developed starting from the bottom. Despite the fact this area is accessible for all graduates with an HAND but the following qualification or subject may enhance the chance such as business or management, Hotel and hospitality, business study with different language and travel and tourism (SAGAS, 2012). But it’s not always necessary to have an HAND or inundation course to enter this profession since the employers puts a lot of priority on relevant experience. A minimum standard of education is sought and most of the people work their way up to this management level gradually by training on the Job and external qualification. Employers often look for relevant work experience but not only related to hotel but also customer focused such as retail, catering, bar and language skills also an advantage specially a hotel related to international chain. 2. 0 SOOT analysts: So aim of the topic is to critically analyses my C.V. with the help of SOOT in term of the rarer I have chosen and Justify the strength, weakness, opportunity and threat. At the end I will conclude the topic with recommendation of what needed to be improved in future. 2. Strength: Effective communication skills can boost the overall performance of a business and in my chosen career of hotel management it’s the only way where I can establish a good relationship with the customers and increase staff engagement to increase overall performance. I have systematically represented my communication skills and the efficiency of it in my C.V.. I have the ability to communicate in a very effective and reflections way with different people by carefu lly listening to client and address my message to them. During my time at Marriott hotel I have demonstrated my effective communication skills while working on reception and feedback from customers for my performance were excellent. 2. 1. 2 Team Work: Team work is two or more people working together co-operatively in order improve the performance and achieve their goal. In hotel management profession it’s very important because when numbers of people working together their knowledge, skills, experience from several source coming together. I am a very co-operative team layer and able to work with different people from different sort of background. I know how work with the team as a supporting hand and encourage other team working skills and achieved better result while I was working in Ginsburg as a team leader 2. 1. 3 Customer Service: In my preferred career of hotel management customer is very important to satisfy the customers and make sure they come back again and again. I have tried to be focused on highlighting how good customer service I can offer in my C.V.. I am able to compromise with all sort of customer in effective way from different country and aground and solve any quarries they have with a positive attitude and satisfy them to come back to us again and again. While I was working in Ginsburg I have been awarded best customer service assistance 2010 twice. 2. 1. 4 Management skills: Success of hotel industry depends on effective management and it’s important for planning, organizing, controlling, directing and decision making. In my C.V. I have shown my ability to manage team and plan ahead during a busy environment. During my time at Marriott hotel I improved my management skill through different aspect such as problem solving, organizing, team building and decision making in a implicated environment. I believe I can properly utilize these skills and create value in my hotel management career. 2. 1. 5 Relevant experience: Relevant practical experience always gets priority in hotel industry career. In these industry for new requirement employers always looks for relevant experience. During my time at Marriott hotel hotel allowed me have a proper customer engagement help me to earn a better understanding of customers needs and expectation. I can deal with different sort of customer in a professional way and achieve 100% customer satisfaction. . 1. 6 Language skills: I am able to speak and understand other language such as Bengali, Hindi, Urdu. Multi-lingual skills are very important for hotel industry where you get to meet international customer’s every day. While I was working in Marriott hotel if the customer from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh customer who couldn’t speak English well and I used to communicate with them the other language that I know. 2. 1. 7 Computi ng skills: In the 21st century computer is very essential for every aspect of business. I have the ability to use all computing feature required for business purpose such as MS Word, MS Excel and MS Powering. I used to create work Rota, revenue sheet and daily sales data entry while I was working for Marriott. Also during my time at ELSE library I have used computer to keep the data of books borrowed by students and delivery statement. 2. 2 Weakness: 2. 2. 1 Lack of various work experience: Having lots of different work experience always gets priority for any Job. Though I have relevant work experience for this career but I have worked only in few places. Whereas working is various place would have allow me to gain different experience which I could have use in my career path. 2. 2. 2 Intention to change Jobs: Another weakness of mine is I can’t work in same place for long time. If I work in same place for long time I eventually get bored and loose the motivation of working Frustration: Frustration is a silent killer in workplace which creates motivation and enthusiasm problem. You read "Personal and Professional Development" in category "Papers" In work place when things don’t go as I planned or senior colleagues perform an action which I don’t think is fair makes me frustrated. During my time at ELSE library my senior used to abuse me by giving extra responsibility they suppose take care of and this used to make me frustrated and eventually I lost the motivation to work there and left the Job. 2. 2. Short tempered: I am a very sort tempered person which is not expected for being in a management of hospitality industry. In workplace my short temper can be triggered by over talkative person, people getting to my physical space and when people drug my personal life to workplace. When I lose my temper I always make harsh decision which makes me regret later on. 2. 2. Can’t say â€Å"no†: I am a very helpful person as a result when people ask me to do something or ask for help I can’t say know even if there is lots of work pressure on me. For example when I was working on Ginsburg one of the managers asked me to take the delivery and at he same time another manager asked me to fill up the shelf and I couldn’t say no to him as a result I ended up middle of two tasks and none of the task was completed properly. 2. 2. 6 Working with large group: I prefer to work with small group because it’s easier to organize and transmit the information and I can assess the performance and productivity of my team easily. But on other hand when I am forced to work with large group I find it hard to control and organize this large amount of people. 2. 3 Opportunity: In this current time the hotel management industry have vast employment opportunity. Furthermore when globalization getting acceptance in almost every country, the hotel management industry becoming global. Since hotel chain owners are trying to open new hotels in every big and small cities, demand of trained hotel management profession are colossal. So I believe having a business degree and relevant work experience will allow me to start a good career in hotel management industry. According to Economic and social research council static hotel industry contributes El ban to I-J economy and it offers 7% to 8% of total country employment which shows the amount of opportunity it offers. 2. 4 Threat: We have seen so far in hotel industry experience always gets priority. Though I have relevant experience but I have worked in one place which is related to my chosen career so far so it might be not be enough for the management level I am trying to start the career with. When it comes to comparison recruitment team might choose someone more experienced than me. 3. Conclusion: After the discussion above and SOOT analysis I can see my own strength, weakness, opportunity and treats which gives me a better vision of where I need to be improved in order to fulfill the requirements of a successful hotel management career. I can say y strength and opportunities in current Job market is very potential as the demand of skilled and experienced professional manager is increasing. I believe I need to work on my drawbacks and try to absorb related experience and a good internship from reputable hotel which I might use as reference later on. SAGAS, e. , 2012. Online] Available at: HYPERLINK â€Å"www. Prospects. AC. UK† www. Prospects. AC. UK [Accessed 11 September 2013]. Jones, P. Lockwood, A. , 2004. The Management Of Hotel Operation, an innovative study of hotel management. Cornwall: Thomson Learning, TX international Appendix: Cover Letter MR. Simon Dickson Streets Berkshire Hamlet James Webber Recruitment UH Berkshire HRS RE 2013 Dear Simon Dickson, 82 Wesson Tower London E 23 August I am here by showing interest and writing to apply for the role advertise on Caterer. Com and enclose my C.V. which I have prepared systematically with the key skills you require. First I became aware of The James Webber group by surfing in internet and was really impressed by the current stands of the company profile and its reputation. I am mainly attracted by the attention you company puts on working with different clients from various country and provide a top rated service and also the passions it wows to the hospitality and management. I am very excited about its graduate development and training project which offers a great learning and future career opportunity. The roles and requirements advertised really suits my skills and knowledge I am have achieved on my degree and my practical working experience. My degree offers some key elements vital in business such as staff and customer management, business strategy and decision making skills and also improving quality and efficiency. I am also a reader of financial press and well aware of current financial market trends and attitude which is vital in current professional industry. I have systematically prepared my C.V. which shows various roles where I have shown high rated communication skills and presentation skills and I am well confident that I will be able to maintain friendly and productive relation with the client and staff of your company. I would like to draw you attention of my work experience at working in a star Marriott hotel in one of the most challenging city like London. I can use the achieved experience and skills in your organization to make a highly productive and professional environment for the organization. In my C.V. I have demonstrated my experience of managing financial issues and manage complicated roles during a busy environment and under pressure. I hope that after kind consideration of my C.V. I will be given a chance to prove my ability and potential as a member in your company. Looking forward to hear from you and I am available for interview anytime. Yours sincerely Mitten Bar Curriculum Vitae Flat-I 0208153536 82 Whetstone street, Telephone: Mobile: 07825184078 E UH Email: HYPERLINK â€Å"maillot:mithuncox@gmail. Com†mithuncox@gmail. Com Personal Details Summary Business studies with English undergraduate. Ability to speak Hindi and Bengali and Urdu. Practical work experience with a top 5 star hotel. Skills and Achievements Effective Communication listening to clients as testified during my work at Ginsburg Supermarket. Fluency on English, confident and strong presentation skills, also able to demonstrate face to face to group of people. Customer Service Able to deal with all sort of customer in an effective way and solve their any problem and quarries with positive attitude as practiced during my retail experience in under pressure environment. Ability to build a quick friendly relation with customer and aka them to come back to you again and again with top rated customer service. Teamwork I am a good team worker and I believe team work puts force for motivation. During my time at Top Marriott hotel demonstrated top rated excellent customer service in a busy environment. Administration Great ability to plan ahead of work and manage team under pressure. Improved time management skills and managed complex role during my time at Marriott Hotel. Excellent ability to balance my professional and student life. Shown a top rate of service and quality at my full time work while I was managing my two courses at university and scored 70% grade. Experience of Tourists’ needs My recent time at Marriott hotel allowed me face to face interaction with various tourists from different country that gave me the experience to understand the expectation of tourist and holiday customers’ needs. Initiative For all my courses I self funded myself and used my plan ahead skills to balanced my study and work at the same time and take control of my career. This shows that I am fast learned and can handle stress and still continue my work and study together. Sales knowledge Acquired financial sales knowledge during my internship at Marriott hotel. How to cite Personal and Professional Development, Papers Personal and Professional Development Free Essays string(91) " skill set in realistic terms, comparing it with the skills needed to get on in my career\." Abstract An account of the author’s experiences of a ‘personal and professional development’ module. The two main sections analyse the learning experience, and focus upon a particular area for self-development. The analysis of learning covers aspects of the module which were found useful, and why, and describes ideas such as Kolb’s ‘learning cycle’ which were used for the process of self assessment. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal and Professional Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now It also covers negative and positive experiences of the module. The section on competence development focuses upon self-confidence, and sets out ways in which these can be improved. The author’s experience of the module overall is summarised. 1. Introduction The following looks at my experience of the ‘personal and professional development’ module. Taking part in this module has been a significant learning experience for me. I thought initially that I had nothing to learn, and that I had already got an idea of how I wanted to progress in my career, and also a good understanding of my abilities and weaknesses. I felt I had a number of areas of weakness, particularly self-confidence and my susceptibility to stress. I didn’t believe that anything could be done about these, and felt they would always hold me back in my career. I had a less clear idea of my strengths. I also had little idea of my development needs, as I now see I had an unchallenged belief that it is not really possible to change or work on weak areas. Through taking part in the course (an experience which was initially challenging) I found out that I was wrong in lots of ways, particularly about what I am capable of, and also discovered that it is possibl e to make changes in areas of personal performance that are weak. I have been inspired and enthused by working through the module.I am better able to assess what I am good at, and what needs work, and now posses the tools to improve. 2. Analysis of learning One aspect of the module which I found very useful was the learning journal.I would say that I both enjoyed it, but also found aspects of keeping it uncomfortable emotionally, as it made me confront aspects of my behaviour that I hadn’t been aware of, and which I wanted to change when I became aware of them. The concept was introduced in the module in a straightforward way, as a way of enhancing learning. I liked the idea that it did not have to be in a conventional format or written in academic English, but that it could contain notes, jottings and thoughts recorded in different ways such as diagrams (Moon 1999). I also liked the idea that it could be a way of expressing my personal feelings about my educational and career journey.Once the idea had been introduced I could see the potential of it as a way to reflect upon things which I had done or which happened to me. The actual process of writing down my reactions to situations was cathartic in itself, as it helped me expres s what I’d been feeling at the time, and I would usually feel calmer afterwards, if it had been a stressful incident for example.But it also allowed me to reflect upon the situation I’d recorded in my journal. I was able to read over the material I’d put in the journal a day or two later, and then I would write notes about what now felt about the situation. I used an idea by Kolb (1984), the ‘Reflective Cycle’ to understand this process. Kolb suggests that learning takes place through a cycle of thinking about experience, in four stages. First, a concrete experience forms the basis for reflection. This is just a description of events. This is followed by reflection and observation on the experience, thinking over what could have been done differently. This stage leads to the generation of theories or abstract ideas about how best to act in future, which prompt new actions and hence new experiences for reflection (Moon 2004). For example, I initially found having to do any form of speaking to the module group extremely stressful. I was simply aware that I felt like running away when I had to give my opinion. I used my learning journal to write about this experience in great detail. I wrote down everything I could remember about the experience, and included diagrams of the class. It was fairly traumatic to write it down, as I realised I was physically affected by the situation, and had thoughts about being useless running through my head. A few days later, I read through it. I realised people had actually reacted well to my comments, and we had had an interesting debate about some of my ideas. I also realised that my physical stress symptoms had subsided once I started talking. I decided next time to remember how well things had gone, and say to myself ‘you are feeling a bit stressed, but it will pass’. I tried this out the next time I had to offer an opinion in class, and I felt much less wor ried, my physical symptoms were much less and I actually felt slightly excited. This convinced me how useful a tool the learning journal is.I was particularly surprised at the way something I had thought of as an academic discipline – writing – could be used as a tool for self expression, but more importantly that I could use the tool to make real changes to my feelings and behaviour. As the learning journal was introduced in the early stages of the module, I found it also useful to assess my changing feelings to the module as it progressed. During the seven sessions, I noticed a real change in my attitudes and abilities. Initially, although I had an idea of how I wanted to develop in my career, I hadn’t really examined this in any detail, for example looking at my present skill set in realistic terms, comparing it with the skills needed to get on in my career. You read "Personal and Professional Development" in category "Essay examples" I also had a very fixed idea that success in my career would automatically bring me success in other aspects of my life, and the unrealistic idea that I would enjoy every minute of it.At the same time, I had very fixed ideas about what I saw as my failings. I considered I was someone who suffered a great deal from stress, and I felt it was holding me back. I thought there was nothing I could do to change my basic nature. I also had, I feel now, unrealistic ideas about my strengths. I tended to concentrate on my weaknesses and underplay the things I was good at. Overall, I would describe my position at the start of the module as ‘lacking in self-knowledge and unaware of the possibilities for change’. Looking back, I can see that we were introduced to lots of useful tools in the early sessions. As mentioned above, I immediately took to the concept of the learning journal, and started to write down my feelings and experiences at once. However, it took a bit longer for all the other ideas to make sense to me. Overall, by around the third or fourth session, I was feeling very confused by the module. I could make academic sense of the ideas that we had covered, however, I struggled to work out how they could all be useful. I felt like I was overwhelmed by the information, and that I did not have the skills to use the tools properly. I see now that I was assuming a pessimistic view of what I was capable of. I assumed that I had a set of personality drawbacks that I was unable to change. However, at the time, I just felt as if I was struggling, and could not get to grips with the course as a whole. The learning journal helped me in particular situations, but initially not with the overa ll picture.I tried to persevere, and somewhere around the 5th session, I felt I had made a break through. I was conscientiously using my learning journal, writing down how I felt, both about particular issues and about the module as a whole. I started to find that I was going back to my feelings of confusion with new insights. I was starting to use other tools, such as the notion of personal development planning, behaviour modification and the use of feedback, which I had learnt, and realised I could use these to plan for my future through analysis of my past experiences. The module as a whole really started to ‘come together’ and make sense at this point.I also noticed that I was really enthusiastic in class, eager to join in discussions and work with others. By the end, I felt I had gained a set of tools that I can take with me in my future life, that will help me not only deal with day to day situations in my working life, but will help me assess where I am and where I want to be in a dynamic way, not a static one. I feel able to reflect upon my personal life as well and see if I am happy overall with the way my life is going. I also feel much more positive about myself and my skills, and really understand that change is possible although it is very difficult at times. The module helped me discover many things about myself that I hadn’t been aware of. There were many particular things I learnt, for example that I had poor listening skills (I had thought I was a good listener), but that I was good at leading people and bringing out the best in them. There were many other aspects of my personality and skill set that I became aware of, however I would say the overall thing I learnt was self-awareness. I thought before the module that I knew what motivated me, what my talents were and what I was bad add, but I realised that I lacked the skills to really understand what I was about. The module taught me how to become properly self-aware through some simple tools. I am now, I feel, much more self-aware, though I still have a lot to learn (and I am looking forward to learning it). The only thing that I felt affected the way I engaged with the module was my sense of stress and being over-whelmed at the mid stage, which I describe above. At one point I felt like quitting the module altogether, as I felt I just wasn’t getting to grips with the course as a whole. However, I used my learning journal and that helped me pull through this period and really enjoy the module as a whole. I felt lucky that this was the only issue; some people in my group suffered with health problems, and had to miss one or two sessions. 3. Competence development For the first assessment stage of this module, we were asked to complete a ‘professional development matrix’, listing competencies in key areas including self-management interpersonal skills, personal leadership and self-development. Carrying out this assessment and completing the matrix was invaluable in assessing the development of one particular competency. My four competencies I discussed originally were stress management, self-confidence, personal leadership and goal setting. In this section I am focussing upon self-confidence, as this was one of my early successes I had using my learning journal, and I also feel that it lies at the heart of other competencies for me. Learning how to improve self-confidence helps reduce stress, as one feels naturally able to handle different situations. It also means leadership is easier, because if I don’t have confidence in myself, I cannot expect others to do so. It is also vital to self-development as one needs to have co nfidence that one can make the changes necessary for future development.I also focus upon this competency as I have always had a problem with believing in myself. This has led me to suffer stress in the past, for example when I was in high school I had a difficult exam. Although I had done well in previous exams, and although my teacher told me I had no need to worry, I really doubted that I would be able to pass. I had sleepless nights when I thought about how stupid I was, asking myself why I wasn’t able to remember the easiest thing, and thinking I would never achieve anything. Overall, at the start of the module, I would say I was still pretty low in self-confidence. I struggled to think of positives about my abilities and personality, although I could always think of bad things! The module has been invaluable to me in showing me practical ways to work on self-confidence, for example seeking feedback on how I have done from others, rather than relying upon my ‘inner critic’. However, I wish to focus on this competency not just because I feel it is at the core of the other competencies I have discussed, but because I feel I have a great deal of work still to do to improve my self-confidence further. For example, my self-confidence issues mean I would find it hard to give a presentation to a large group of people (I am now happy presenting to small groups for example my module group), or standing on a stage to present information. In order to improve my self-confidence, I felt I needed to assess my current levels, in order to isolate where I need to improve. To do this I carried out a number of tests I found online, for example one posted by an association of counsellors and psychotherapists (OACCPP [online] 2011) which assesses self-confidence levels in terms of three areas, ‘achievement and accomplishment, ‘being valued and valuing others’, and ‘acting on beliefs’ (Commitment to values). I found that I scored particularly low for sense of achievement and accomplishment, highest on acting on beliefs, and rather low for being valued and valuing others. This suggested to me that I need to focus upon building my sense of achievement first, and also pay some attention to how I believe others value me. I felt there was a need for a practical and theoretical framework to help me do that, although I saw I could use some tools that had been taught during the module: for example skills taught in session about confidence and assertiveness as well as listening and communicating were helpful. I did some research into different frameworks for building self-confidence, and found that Burns (1993a; 1993b) had put forward a respected model for improving levels of self-esteem. I found it particularly useful as it offers a step-by-step way to tackle problems, and you are able to work alone or in groups. I also liked the fact it incorporates principles of cognitive behavioural therapy (Mruk 2006). Cognitive behavioural therapy is a way of identifying behaviour patterns and thoughts which are not helpful, and then identifying ways of challenging the thoughts and intervening in the behaviours. (Wilding and Palmer 2010) I felt Burns’ ideas were presented in a way similar to the module, in that tools were given for both assessing levels of ability and to change my actions and beliefs. Particularly, because Burns (1993a) offers a plan which includes activities, ways to carry out assessment and also ways to improve, I felt it fitted well with my learning journal and Kolb’s cycle of learning. My present level of competence in self-confidence is higher than in the past, but I feel still lower than it could be. I want to build upon the successes during the course, where I found out that by trying new things which might challenge me, I can become more confident. There are a number of situations which I want to seek out to build confidence, working with Burn’s tools. I want to develop my ability to speak to others in large groups, and also my ability to convince them of a particular point of view. I will try and take such opportunities as they present themselves. For example, if I am in a class where the leader asks a question, I will try and answer even if I am not 100% confident of what to say. I will also join a debating society, which I believe will give me practical tools to help convince others of what I say. I am also going to ask for feedback from my friends much more often, and of other people as well, where the opportunity presents itself. I would also like t o build my confidence in interview situations, as I will face a number of these when I move into the working world. To work on this I am going to read about best interview technique, and will ask friends if they will help do ‘dress rehearsals’ of interviews, with feedback. I am also going to contact the university careers service to see if they offer practical help. I will set out a schedule for these activities using my learning journal. I will make notes every couple of days (after an exercise) and will read back these every few days and again at the end of the exercise, to reflect upon how the challenges went. 4. Conclusion The above offers an account of my development as a result of taking the module. Completing the seven session has contributed tremendously to both my personal and professional development, and has also helped me see these as two interconnected elements, each of which impact upon the other. I started the module with, I thought, a clear idea of my capabilities, ambitions and limitations, but working through the course made me realise that I had not realistically assessed my capabilities. It also made me realise that I could change things about my performance that I did not like, and has given me a blueprint for my future career and personal life which I will take with me. Overall, I am pretty happy that I took full advantage of the opportunities of the course. Although I found it a little challenging at the early stages, I tried hard with the exercises, especially the learning journal, and did work beyond the course requirements. For example, I was inspired to research different ways of keeping journals, which was very helpful. I can see that although I have made a lot of progress, there are always going to be things which I want to work upon. In fact, I see it as one of the benefits of the module that I can now be realistic about what I have achieved and build upon my successes in the future. I want to continue to work to improve my self-confidence, as there are some areas, such as speaking to large groups of people I don’t know, where I feel I am still weak. But I’m optimistic that I can improve and will actively seek out opportunities to work on this area. I am going to continue reading and talking with a few friends who are also interested in taking personal and professional development further. We might work in a group to help each other with feedback and new ideas. All in all, I am really looking forward to my future now. 5. References Burns, D D (1993a) Ten Days to Self-Esteem, Quill, New York. Burns, D D (1993b) Ten Days to Self-Esteem: The Leader’s Manual, Quill, New York. Kolb, D A (1984) Experiential Learning experience as a source of learning and development, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Moon, J A (1999) Learning journals: a handbook for academics, students and professional development, Routledge, UK Moon, J A (2004) A handbook of reflective and experiential learning: theory and practice, Routledge, UK Mruk, CJ (2006) Self-esteem research, theory, and practice: toward a positive psychology of self-esteem (3rd edn.), Springer Publishing Company, 2006 New York OACCPP (2011) ‘About self-confidence’ [online] (cited 30th September 2011) available from http://www.oaccpp.ca/survey.html ‘About self-confidence’. Wilding, C and Palmer, S (2010) Boost Your Self-Esteem with CBT: A Teach Yourself Guide, McGraw-Hill, USA. How to cite Personal and Professional Development, Essay examples